Abstract
The present paper aims to assess the free swell potential behaviour using polypropylene fibre (PF) as reinforcement in natural pozzolana-lime-stabilised expansive grey clayey soil (GS) artificially contaminated by sodium and calcium sulphates. For this purpose, lime (8%), natural pozzolana (NP: 20%) and PF (0–3%) by dry weight of soil were used in this study. The GS was artificially contaminated by different sulphate contents (0–6% by dry weight of soil) and the swell potential was assessed at different curing periods (1–120 days). A series of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were carried out to observe the changes in the mineralogy and microstructure of the GS, respectively. The obtained results showed that adding 8%lime alone or combined with 20%NP into the GS reduced the swell potential. In all cases, the swell potential increased with an increase in PF content up to 2% (optimum dosage) and then decreased beyond this value. The inclusion of 2%PF in lime-stabilised GS helps to transfer the stress from GS to PF due to the bonding between PF and modified GS particles. However, the inclusion of more than 2%PF forms lumps and adheres to each other; thus, there may be a deficiency in the contact between GS and PF, which is responsible for the reduction of friction coefficient and hence increasing the swell potential. On the other hand, the calcium sulphate showed a positive effect on the GS where the swell potential decreased as the calcium sulphate content and curing period increased due to the formation of cementing agents observed in XRD and SEM results. The adverse effect of the expansive ettringite mineral on the swell potential due to the sodium sulphate contamination was entirely suppressed when using the combination of 2%PF and 20%NP in lime-stabilised GS.
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Abbreviations
- GS:
-
Grey soil
- RS:
-
Red soil
- CH:
-
Clay of high plasticity
- CL:
-
Clay of low plasticity
- L:
-
Lime
- NP:
-
Natural pozzolana
- Na2SO4 :
-
Sodium sulphate (Na)
- CaSO4·2H2O:
-
Calcium sulphate (Ca)
- OMC:
-
Optimum moisture content
- MDD:
-
Maximum dry density
- UCS:
-
Unconfined compressive strength
- LL:
-
Liquid limit
- PL:
-
Plastic limit
- PI:
-
Plasticity Index
- WBCSD:
-
World business council for sustainable development
- ASTM:
-
American society for testing and materials
- USCS:
-
Unified soil classification system
- GGBFS:
-
Ground granulated blast furnace slag
- C3A:
-
Cement tricalcium aluminate
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- SM :
-
Soil mixture
- C‒S‒H:
-
Calcium silicates hydrates
- C‒A‒H:
-
Calcium aluminates hydrates
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This research was funded by the General Directorate for Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT) of the Algerian Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research.
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HG wrote the initial draft of the manuscript under the supervision of BM. All authors developed the ideas and frameworks for the manuscript. All authors read and approved this version of the manuscript.
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Meziani, B., Gadouri, H. Swelling suppressing by using polypropylene fibre as reinforcement in natural pozzolana-lime-stabilised expansive grey clayey soil artificially contaminated by sulphates. Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des. 6, 477–504 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-023-00157-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-023-00157-w