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In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of Electrochemical Reaction Mechanisms in Rechargeable Batteries

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Abstract

Rechargeable batteries dominate the energy storage market of portable electronics, electric vehicles and stationary grids, and corresponding performance advancements are closely related to the fundamental understanding of electrochemical reaction mechanisms and their correlation with structural and chemical evolutions of battery components. Through advancements in aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques for significantly enhanced spatial resolution, in situ TEM techniques in which a nanobattery assembly is integrated into the system can allow for the direct real-time probing of structural and chemical evolutions of battery components under dynamic operating conditions. Here, open-cell in situ TEM configurations can provide the atomic resolution imaging of the intrinsic response of materials to ion insertion or extraction, whereas the development of sealed liquid cells can provide new avenues for the observation of electrochemical processes and electrode-electrolyte interface reactions that are relevant to real battery systems. And because of these recent developments in in situ TEM techniques, this review will present recent key progress in the utilization of in situ TEM to reveal new sciences in rechargeable batteries, including complex reaction mechanisms, structural and chemical evolutions of battery materials and their correlation with battery performances. In addition, scientific insights revealed by in situ TEM studies will be discussed to provide guiding principles for the design of better electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. And challenges and new opportunities will also be discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Subcontract No. 18769 and No. 6951379 under the Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) program. This work was supported by U.S. DOE (Department of Energy) EERE (Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy) BETO (Bioenergy Technology Office) (grant No. DE-EE0008250) to BY with the Bioproducts, Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering at Washington State University. This work was conducted at the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. Ms. X. Wu was supported by China Scholarship Council for Overseas Studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA

    Chongmin Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China

    Xiaoyu Wu & Songmei Li

  3. Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, 99354, USA

    Xiaoyu Wu & Bin Yang

  4. Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA

    Bin Yang

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  1. Xiaoyu Wu
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  2. Songmei Li
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  3. Bin Yang
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  4. Chongmin Wang
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Correspondence to Songmei Li or Chongmin Wang.

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Wu, X., Li, S., Yang, B. et al. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of Electrochemical Reaction Mechanisms in Rechargeable Batteries. Electrochem. Energ. Rev. 2, 467–491 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-019-00046-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-019-00046-2

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