Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Emulation of point cloud streaming over 5G network

  • Original Research
  • Published:
International Journal of Information Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Realistic digital representations of three dimensions (3D) objects and environments are now achievable because to recent developments in computer graphics, enabling real-time user interactions. Creating effective compression techniques and technologies that may take into account varied application limits has become a crucial problem due to the rising need for various point clouds. Future wireless networks are expected to undergo a paradigm change as a result of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project’s (3GPP) 5th Generation advanced development. In this paper, we propose a complete system for streaming 3D high density point cloud data using a web-based streaming server with Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol version 2 (HTTP/2) protocol enabled, and compare results in two scenarios over Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) and over 5G standalone network. Results have shown great outperformance over conventional work by decreasing inter-frame latency for large point cloud streaming by 16.8% for the case of 4 million points using http/2 over wifi, and by 71.51% over emulated 5G network. Streamed packets were also captured showing an increased frame rate of the same sample by 20.7% and 353% for the cases of WiFi and 5G networks, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. 3GPP, O. (2010). Technical specification group radio access network; evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E‐UTRA); further advancements for E‐UTRA physical layer aspects. 3GPP. Tech Report TR 36.814 V9. 0.0

  2. Lin X (2022) An overview of 5G advanced evolution in 3GPP release 18. IEEE Commun Stand Mag 6(3):77–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu Z, Li Q, Chen X, Wu C, Li J and Ji Y (2023) Point cloud video streaming in 5g systems and beyond: challenges and solutions. Authorea Preprints

  4. d’Eon E, Harrison B, Myers T and Chou PA (2017) 8i voxelized full bodies-a voxelized point cloud dataset. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 Joint WG11/WG1 (MPEG/JPEG) input document WG11M40059/WG1M74006, 7(8), 11

  5. Nandy N, Banerjee D, Pradhan C (2021) Color image encryption using DNA based cryptography. Int j inf tecnol 13:533–540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-018-0100-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hosseini M and Timmerer C (2018) Dynamic adaptive point cloud streaming. In Proceedings of the 23rd Packet Video Workshop (pp. 25–30)

  7. Li J, Zhang C, Liu Z, Sun W, Hu W and Li Q (2020) Demo abstract: Narwhal: A DASH-based point cloud video streaming system over wireless networks. In IEEE INFOCOM 2020-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS) (pp. 1326–1327). IEEE

  8. Lee K, Yi J, Lee Y, Choi S and Kim YM (2020) GROOT: a real-time streaming system of high-fidelity volumetric videos. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (pp. 1–14)

  9. Schütz M (2016) Potree: Rendering large point clouds in web browsers. Technische Universität Wien, Wiedeń

    Google Scholar 

  10. Awad MM and Khamiss NN (2022) Low Latency UHD Adaptive Video Bitrate Streaming Based on HEVC Encoder Configurations and Http2 Protocol. Iraqi Journal of Science, 1836–1847

  11. Mi X, Qian F and Wang X (2016) Smig: Stream migration extension for http/2. In Proceedings of the 12th International on Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (pp. 121–128)

  12. Barkat A, Kazar O, Seddiki I (2021) Framework for web service composition based on QoS in the multi cloud environment. Int j inf tecnol 13:459–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-020-00564-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Cui Y, Li Q, Dong Z (2019) Structural 3D reconstruction of indoor space for 5G signal simulation with mobile laser scanning point clouds. Remote Sens 11(19):2262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Mahbub M, Barua B (2023) Joint energy and latency-sensitive computation and communication resource allocation for multi-access edge computing in a two-tier 5G HetNet. Int j inf tecnol 15:457–464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-022-01037-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang Q, Tan Y, Mei Z (2020) Computational methods of acquisition and processing of 3D point cloud data for construction applications. Arch Comput Meth Eng 27:479–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lu Q, Lee S (2017) Image-based technologies for constructing as-is building information models for existing buildings. J Comput Civ Eng 31(4):04017005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Brilakis I, Fathi H, Rashidi A (2011) Progressive 3D reconstruction of infrastructure with videogrammetry. Autom Constr 20(7):884–895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Somasundar MKA, Somashekar BH, Somasundar RA (2020) Segmentation of tibia femoral bone using graph cut method and 3D rendering for FEA. Int J Inf Technol 12(4):1435–1441

    Google Scholar 

  19. Son H, Kim C (2010) 3D structural component recognition and modeling method using color and 3D data for construction progress monitoring. Autom Constr 19(7):844–854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Rusu RB (2010) Semantic 3D object maps for everyday manipulation in human living environments. KI-Künstliche Intelligenz 24:345–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hebert M, Krotkov E (1992) 3D measurements from imaging laser radars: how good are they? Image Vis Comput 10(3):170–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Huang X, Mei G, Zhang J and Abbas R (2021) A comprehensive survey on point cloud registration. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.02690

  23. Ruan X, Liu B (2020) Review of 3d point cloud data segmentation methods. Int J Adv Netw Monitor Cont 5(1):66–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Budagavi M, Faramarzi E and Ho T (2022) U.S. Patent No. 11,514,613. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

  25. Meagher D (1982) Octree generation, analysis and manipulation (p. 0149). Image processing laboratory, electrical, computer, and systems engineering department, rensselaer polytechnic institute

  26. Bieńkowski R and Rutkowski KE (2022) The use of Octree in point cloud analysis with application to cultural heritage. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.06936

  27. Zeng W and Gevers T (2018) 3DContextNet: Kd tree guided hierarchical learning of point clouds using local and global contextual cues. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) Workshops (pp. 0–0)

  28. Maurya RK, Kulkarni ST (2021) Multidimensional spatial clustering and visualization of 3D topographic relief data. Int j inf tecnol 13:581–592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-020-00595-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Mueller C, Lederer S, Timmerer C and Hellwagner H (2013) Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP/2.0. In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) (pp. 1–6). IEEE

  30. Stenberg D (2014) HTTP2 explained. ACM SIGCOMM Comp Commun Rev 44(3):120–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bhawan KH (2019) Study Paper On 5g Core Network”, Telecommunication Engineering Centre, Janpath, New Delhi, 110001 India

  32. Rommer S, Hedman P, Olsson M, Frid L, Sultana S and Mulligan C (2019) 5G core networks: powering digitalization. Academic Press

  33. Xu Z, Zhang Y, Shen A, Guo B, Han Y and Liu Y (2019) Initial analysis of the cell selection progress in SA of 5G NR. In signal and information processing, networking and computers: proceedings of the 5th international conference on signal and information processing, networking and computers (ICSINC) (pp. 495–504). Springer Singapore

  34. Fehmi H, Amr MF, Bahnasse A, Talea M (2022) 5G Network: Analysis and Compare 5G NSA/5G SA. Proced Comp Sci 203:594–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Trung NH (2022) Multiplexing techniques for applications based-on 5G Systems. Multipl Rec Adv Nov Appl

  36. Lin X, Li J, Baldemair R, Cheng JFT, Parkvall S, Larsson DC, Werner K (2019) 5G new radio: Unveiling the essentials of the next generation wireless access technology. IEEE Commun Stand Mag 3(3):30–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. NetSim Emulator, A Network Simulation and Emulation by TETCOS LLP, Rev 13.3 (V), Feb 2023, www.tetcos.com (Last visited on Dec 12th 2023)

Download references

Funding

No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Information Technology and Communications, Baghdad, Iraq

    Estabraq H. Makiyah

  2. College of Information Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Nassr N. Khamees

Authors
  1. Estabraq H. Makiyah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nassr N. Khamees
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Estabraq H. Makiyah.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Makiyah, E.H., Khamees, N.N. Emulation of point cloud streaming over 5G network. Int. j. inf. tecnol. 16, 2099–2113 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-024-01736-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-024-01736-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation