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Assessment of Potential Source and the Source Region of Particulate Matter in an Urban Area of Delhi, India

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Abstract

This study addresses how the potential emission sources, regions (e.g., local, regional, and trans-boundary) and the trajectory stimulate the level of particulate matter (PM10) at observation site. Therefore, to comprehend such significant issues the chemical species, morphology and elements (EC, OC, WSOC, Al, S, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Pb, Cr, F, Cl, Na, K, Mg, Ca, and P) of PM10 were investigated over Delhi. Trajectory analysis and potential source contribution function identify dominating regions like Haryana, Punjab, Indo-Gangetic Plains, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bay of Bengal, and Arabian Sea contributing to the mass concentration of PM10 at the sampling site. Furthermore, conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF) was programmed to the five components of principal component analysis [crustal/road dust, industrial emissions, biomass burning + fossil-fuel combustion (BB + FCC), mixed emissions, and vehicular emissions]. Where, industrial emissions shows the maximum probability in the (N–W and S–W) directions; vehicular emissions probability was higher in the (S–E and S–W) direction, (N–E and N–W) shows the maximum probability of (BB + FCC). These CBPF programmed directions were quite obvious for the sources in such directions. Subsequently, the field-emission scanning electron microscope study showed different particulate morphology as spherical, irregular, and flocculent, thus defining the possible potential sources.

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Data Availability

The datasets developed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director CSIR, NPL, New Delhi, and Head, Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrological Division (ES&BMD), CSIR-NPL, New Delhi, India for the encouragement and support. Authors thankfully acknowledge central pollution control board (CPCB) New Delhi, India for metrological data (https://cpcb.nic.in/). Authors are thankful to IUAC for extending FE-SEM facility funded by Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) under Geochronology project [MoES/P.O.(Seismic)8(09)-Geochron/2012].

Funding

The authors are thankfully acknowledged the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, New Delhi for financial support to this study (OLP-201332; Institutional Project).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Rubiya Banoo, Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Narayanasamy Vijayan & Tuhin Kumar Mandal

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Rubiya Banoo, Sudhir Kumar Sharma & Tuhin Kumar Mandal

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  1. Rubiya Banoo
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  2. Sudhir Kumar Sharma
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  3. Narayanasamy Vijayan
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  4. Tuhin Kumar Mandal
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Contributions

Conception and design of the study were planned by SKS; Data collection and analysis were performed by RB, SKS, and NV; the first draft was written by RB. Data interpretation was carried out by SKS, RB, TKM, and NV. All the authors proofread and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sudhir Kumar Sharma.

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Banoo, R., Sharma, S.K., Vijayan, N. et al. Assessment of Potential Source and the Source Region of Particulate Matter in an Urban Area of Delhi, India. Aerosol Sci Eng 6, 231–245 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-022-00139-4

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