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Combined sol–gel bioactive glass and β-tricalcium phosphate for potential dental tissue engineering: a preliminary study

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Abstract

Biocomposite is extensively implemented in orthopaedics and dentistry since multiple materials blends can be utilised by capitalising on their radical compatibility. Bioactive glasses (BG) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) have excellent bioactive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic features due to the resemblance of their inorganic constituents with bone or dental tissue. In this study, sol–gel BG was incorporated with β-TCP for potential application in dental tissue engineering. A 40/60 composition ratio of BG/β-TCP powder was homogeneously mixed in a zirconia planetary ball mixer and sieved to obtain particle size of less than 50 μm. The BG/β-TCP powder composite was characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), laser diffraction particle size analyser, and in vitro biological characteristics were observed by soaking the BG/β-TCP composite in simulated body fluid (SBF) and exposing the Saos-2 cells towards conditioned medium. The XRD analysis identified the presence of whitlockite (ICCD 00–009-0169) and combeite (ICDD 96–900-7722) crystalline phase in the composite structure. The pH tends to be in the range of 7.7 to 8.0 throughout the study period, and SEM exhibited the hydroxyapatite (HA) formation on the surface after 1 day when immersed in SBF. Based on in vitro investigation, the BG/β-TCP composite presented enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. In this preliminary study, in vitro HA formation ability, and cell proliferation properties may have considered the BG/β-TCP biocomposite as a potential for bone and dental tissue engineering.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Sujon Mamun Khan has been honoured with a fellowship from the Universiti Sains Malaysia, and he wishes to express his gratitude to the university for the financial support it has given him throughout his studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Mamun Khan Sujon & Muhammad Azrul Zabidi

  2. Dental Stimulation and Virtual Learning, Research Excellence Consortium, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor

  3. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Khairul Anuar Shariff

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Sujon, M.K., Mohd Noor, S.N.F., Zabidi, M.A. et al. Combined sol–gel bioactive glass and β-tricalcium phosphate for potential dental tissue engineering: a preliminary study. J Aust Ceram Soc 59, 415–424 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-023-00841-7

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