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Evaluation of K2La2Ti3O10-based coatings for Daphnia magna acute toxicity test of methylene blue degradation in water

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to produce potassium lanthanum titanate (K2La2Ti3O10, KLTO)-based coatings with Nd, Gd, and Sm dopants by using sol-gel method to degrade the color of methylene blue azo dye from water and to evaluate the acute toxicity of water. Phase identification and morphology of K2La1.1Nd0.9Ti3O10, K2La1.9Gd0.1Ti3O10 and K2La1.5Sm0.5Ti3O10 coatings were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Photocatalytic degradation tests of methylene blue azo dyes were performed with KLTO-based coatings using Atlas Suntest CPS+ solar simulator. Photocatalytic absorbance measurements were investigated with Schimadzu UV-Vis 1240 spectrometer. Acute toxicity tests were evaluated to determine toxicity of methylene blue dyed water using Daphnia magna. In addition, to find acute toxicity of methylene blue treated with photocatalyst, the tests were carried out daylight and dark ambient at 20 ± 2 °C. It was found that samples with KLTO-based coatings demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity than blank sample. As a result of high photocatalytic activity, methylene blue samples treated with photocatalysts showed less toxic performance than blank sample according to acute toxicity tests. According to photocatalytic performance experiments and acute toxicity tests, doped K2La1.5Sm0.5Ti3O10 photocatalysts showed less-toxic effect and higher photocatalytic degradation performance.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) under the project number of 112Y162. In addition, Dokuz Eylul University Department of Scientific Research Project (BAP) provided support. The number of the project is 2010.KB.FEN.0302010111.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35397, Izmir, Turkey

    G. Kurşun

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35397, Izmir, Turkey

    G. Kurşun & A. Pala

  3. Center for Production and Application of Electronic Materials, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35397, Izmir, Turkey

    A. Pala & E. Çelik

  4. Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35397, Izmir, Turkey

    A. Pala & E. Çelik

  5. Center for Environmental Research and Development, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35397, Izmir, Turkey

    A. Pala

  6. Department of Machine and Metal Technologies, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    Ö. Canpolat

  7. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35397, Izmir, Turkey

    E. Çelik

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  1. G. Kurşun
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  4. E. Çelik
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Correspondence to G. Kurşun.

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Kurşun, G., Pala, A., Canpolat, Ö. et al. Evaluation of K2La2Ti3O10-based coatings for Daphnia magna acute toxicity test of methylene blue degradation in water. J Aust Ceram Soc 55, 289–296 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-018-0234-z

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