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Mixed-Solvent Sorption and Moisture-Regime-Dependent Degradation of Chlorpyrifos in Selected Tropical Soils

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Abstract

The adsorption to container walls, syringes, injectors and analytical columns by strongly hydrophobic organics in aqueous media presents challenges in accurate estimation of sorption parameters of chemicals such as chlorpyrifos (CPF). To minimize this phenomenon, mixed solvents and Teflon-lined centrifuge tubes were used. The study aimed at investigating the sorption kinetics and equilibrium parameters in tropical soils. In addition, the persistence and leaching potential of CPF under submerged and field capacity moisture conditions were studied. Batch sorption studies utilizing the Solvophobic theory revealed time-dependent kinetics on Teflon container walls, where CPF sorption diminished exponentially with increasing methanol fraction. Sorption parameters for soils showed diverse kinetics and equilibrium times across soils and methanol fractions. The Solvophobic theory was used to predict the soil-sorption coefficients KW and KOC. Chlorpyrifos sorption exponentially decreased with increasing methanol fraction, reaching equilibrium in 4–8 h. Container wall KW measured was 0.19 mL/g, while soil KW values ranged from 46.53 to 56.71 mL/g. Chlorpyrifos KOC values varied from 1551 to 1890. The degradation studies under submerged and field capacity conditions indicated microbial and abiotic influences on chlorpyrifos persistence, resulting in half-lives ranging from 18 to 52 days in submerged conditions and 18 to 33 days at field capacity. The Groundwater Ubiquity Index suggested no leaching potential in the examined soils. This study represents the first investigation of chlorpyrifos sorption kinetics only Teflon-lined centrifuge tube container walls, revealing that chlorpyrifos sorption is not instantaneous but rather time-dependent. Future analyses should explore CPF's environmental fate, considering microbial interactions and organic matter content, to contribute to a comprehensive understanding and develop sustainable pest management strategies in tropical regions.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • The study examines Chlorpyrifos's aqueous sorption kinetics and equilibria parameters in Teflon Lined Centrifuge Container walls and tropical soils and its persistence in these soils.

  • Varying methanol fractions were used in batch sorption kinetics experiments, and the Solvophobic theory was employed to predict sorption coefficients KW and KOC indirectly.

  • Degradation experiments on ten soils under flooded and field capacity moisture conditions shed light on the influence of biotic and abiotic processes.

  • KW value for container walls is 0.19 mL/g, while soil KW values range from 46.53 to 56.71 mL/g.

  • KOC values range from 1551 to 1890.

  • Degradation half-lives range from 18 to 52 days for sterilized flooded soils, 30–132 days for unsterilized flooded soils, 18–21 days for sterilized field capacity soils, and 32–33 days for unsterilized field capacity soils.

  • The Groundwater ubiquity index demonstrates that Chlorpyrifos does not leach in the selected soils, ranging from 1.013 to 1.536.

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Data availability

The datasets used for the current study can be availed by the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the financial support for this research by the Embassy of Sweden, Kampala, Uganda , Grant No. 316, International Science Program (ISP UG 01 Project).

Funding

Ivan Oyege reports that the Embassy of Sweden, Kampala, Uganda provided financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda

    Ivan Oyege, John Wasswa & Gabriel N. Kasozi

  2. Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Ivan Oyege & Maruthi Sridhar Balaji Bhaskar

  3. Department of Soil and Water Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Peter Nkedi-Kizza

Authors
  1. Ivan Oyege
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  2. John Wasswa
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  3. Maruthi Sridhar Balaji Bhaskar
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  4. Peter Nkedi-Kizza
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  5. Gabriel N. Kasozi
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Gabriel N. Kasozi, Peter Nkedi-Kizza, John Wasswa; Methodology: Gabriel N. Kasozi, Peter Nkedi-Kizza, John Wasswa; Formal analysis and investigation: Ivan Oyege; Writing—original draft preparation: Ivan Oyege, Balaji Bhaskar Maruthi Sridhar, Gabriel Kasozi; Writing—review and editing: Ivan Oyege, Balaji Bhaskar Maruthi Sridhar, Gabriel Kasozi, Peter Nkedi-Kizza; Funding acquisition: Ivan Oyege, Gabriel N. Kasozi, John Wasswa; Resources: Ivan Oyege, Gabriel N. Kasozi, John Wasswa; Supervision: Gabriel N. Kasozi, Peter Nkedi-Kizza, John Wasswa.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gabriel N. Kasozi.

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Conflict of interest

Ivan Oyege reports that the Embassy of Sweden, Kampala, Uganda provided financial support. There are no known previous relationships with any company or manufacturer that could have influenced or biased the findings of this study.

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Oyege, I., Wasswa, J., Bhaskar, M.S.B. et al. Mixed-Solvent Sorption and Moisture-Regime-Dependent Degradation of Chlorpyrifos in Selected Tropical Soils. Int J Environ Res 18, 14 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00564-4

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