Abstract
Ecological concrete has excellent water and air permeability, which not only is conducive to plant growth but also allows surface water to infiltrate underground and intercept pollutants. The performance of ecological concrete is largely determined by the nature of the raw materials and their relative content. Therefore, mastering the optimal design method for the mix proportion of ecological concrete is crucial to achieving good performance. In the current research, there is a lack of systematic intelligent decision-making models for predicting performance and optimizing mix proportions. In this paper, four factors, namely mechanical properties, water permeability, decontamination properties, and planting properties of ecological concrete, were considered when evaluating the comprehensive performance of ecological concrete. The evaluation was conducted using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The gray wolf optimizer (GWO) was introduced to enhance the backpropagation (BP) neural network, and an optimization model for finding the optimal ecological concrete mix proportion was established. The optimal mix proportion of two types of typical ecological concrete, one for filtration and one for plant growth, was discussed. The results indicate that the AHP-GWO-BP model calculates the optimal mixing proportion of filtration ecological concrete as follows: The diameter of coarse aggregate is 10–15 mm, with adsorbed coarse aggregate accounting for 49.7%, a component ratio is 118%, the water–cement ratio should be 28.7%, and the silica fume mix ratio should be 32.1%. According to the given parameters, the performance test of ecological concrete is conducted, with a coarse aggregate size of 12 mm. The results showed that under these parameters, the compressive strength was 12.3 MPa, the flexural strength was 3.35 MPa, the water permeability coefficient was 14.87 cm s−1, the porosity was 27.23%, the removal rate of total nitrogen was 80.56%, the removal rate of total phosphorus was 67.33%, the pH was 9.16, and the plant dry weight was 9.37 g. The optimal mix proportion of the planting ecological concrete is as follows: The diameter of the coarse aggregate is 20–25 mm, the adsorbed coarse aggregate accounts for 49.7%, its component ratio is 138%, the water–cement ratio should be 27.3%, and the silica fume mix ratio should be 34.1%.
Highlights
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An orthogonal test optimization method based on AHP-GWO-BP neural network
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Two types of multi-aggregate ecological concrete utilizing multiple adsorbent materials as coarse aggregates
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Simulation and prediction of various aspects of the performance of ecological concrete under different factors
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [LS], upon reasonable request.
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Funding
This research was funded by State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, China, Grant no [2020HESS2003].
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DG conceived the data, designed the methodology, and developed the software; DG and WQ curated the data and wrote and prepared the original draft; DG and ZY visualized and investigated the manuscript; WX supervised the data; WQ designed the software and validated the data; and LS wrote, reviewed, and edited the manuscript.
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Guangyao, D., Songmin, L., Xiaoling, W. et al. Optimal Design of Ecological Concrete Mix Proportion Based on AHP-GWO-BP Neural Network. Int J Environ Res 18, 24 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00562-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00562-6