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Nitrate Removal by Sorbent Derived from Waste Lignocellulosic Biomass of Lagenaria vulgaris: Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermodynamics

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Abstract

The equilibrium, sorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of nitrate ions sorption using a cationic modified Lagenaria vulgaris shell as a sorbent were studied. The sorption of nitrate ions was carried out from synthetic aqueous solutions in a batch mode. For this purpose, a sorbent based on waste lignocellulosic biomass was utilized. The cationic quaternary ammonium sorbent was obtained by chemical modification of raw Lagenaria vulgaris shell using (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride reagent. The obtained results of nitrate sorption from synthetic solutions of different concentrations (2–100 mg/L) were examined by non-linear regression analysis of different reaction kinetic and multi-linear diffusion models. To describe the sorption equilibrium in the liquid–solid system, the experimentally obtained data were fitted with typical non-linear models of sorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Sips isotherms). To determine the thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS), nitrate sorption experiments on CMLVS sorbent were performed at different temperatures (20, 40, 60 °C), under previously determined optimal conditions. Nitrates desorption and CMLVS sorbent regeneration was also studied.

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Highlights

  • The exploitation of waste lignocellulosic biomass of Lagenaria vulgaris shell as a valuable sorbent for anionic pollutants, primarily for nitrates, is proposed.

  • Equilibrium, sorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of nitrate sorption using the cationic modified sorbent are characterized.

  • The sorption capacity of the sorbent (15.869 mg/g) is comparable to the results of other cationically modified lignocellulosic agricultural wastes.

  • The nitrate-loaded sorbent can be effectively regenerated in HCl and used repeatedly in the sorption–desorption cycles.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, through the Program funding scientific research (No. 451-03-68/2020-14/200133).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000, Leskovac, Serbia

    Goran S. Nikolić

  2. Department of Technology and Art Studies, Academy of Professional Studies South Serbia, Vilema Pušmana 17, 16000, Leskovac, Serbia

    Dragana Marković Nikolić, Tanja Nikolić & Danijela Stojadinović

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia

    Tatjana Andjelković, Miloš Kostić & Aleksandar Bojić

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  1. Goran S. Nikolić
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  2. Dragana Marković Nikolić
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  3. Tanja Nikolić
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  4. Danijela Stojadinović
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  5. Tatjana Andjelković
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  6. Miloš Kostić
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  7. Aleksandar Bojić
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Correspondence to Goran S. Nikolić.

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Nikolić, G.S., Marković Nikolić, D., Nikolić, T. et al. Nitrate Removal by Sorbent Derived from Waste Lignocellulosic Biomass of Lagenaria vulgaris: Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermodynamics. Int J Environ Res 15, 215–230 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-021-00310-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-021-00310-8

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