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Developing Culturally Relevant Design Guidelines for Encouraging Physical Activity: a Social Cognitive Theory Perspective

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Abstract

The prevalence of physical inactivity and non-communicable diseases is on the rise worldwide. This calls for a systematic approach in addressing the problem, which is almost becoming a global epidemic. Research has shown that theory-driven interventions are more likely to be effective than uninformed interventions. However, research on the determinants of physical activity and the moderating effect of culture is scarce. To bridge this gap, we conducted a large-scale comparative study of the determinants of physical activity among 633 participants from individualist and collectivist cultures. Using the Social Cognitive Theory, a widely applied behavioral theory in health interventions, we modeled the determinants of physical activity for each culture and mapped them to implementable strategies in the application domain. Our structural equation model shows that, in the individualist culture, Self-Efficacy (βT = 0.55, p < 0.001) and Self-Regulation (βT = 0.33, p < 0.001) are the strongest determinants of Physical Activity. However, in the collectivist culture, Social Support (βT = 0.42, p < 0.001) and Outcome Expectation (βT = 0.11, p < 0.01) are the strongest determinants of Physical Activity. We discussed these findings, mapped the respective behavioral determinants to the corresponding persuasive strategies in the health domain and provided a set of general design guidelines for tailoring the strategies to the respective cultures.

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Notes

  1. DALYS (Disability Adjusted Life Year) is a measure of the overall disease burden, expressed as a cumulative number of years lost due to non-fatal illness, disability and premature mortality. It is the sum of the Years Lived with Disability (YLD) and Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature death. It is used to compare the overall health of a community or country over time [5, 6].

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Acknowledgments

This research has been supported partially by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant (RGPIN-2016-05762) of Julita. Vassileva.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Multi-User Adaptive Distributed Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5C9, Canada

    Kiemute Oyibo & Julita Vassileva

  2. Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada

    Rita Orji

Authors
  1. Kiemute Oyibo
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  2. Rita Orji
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  3. Julita Vassileva
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Correspondence to Kiemute Oyibo.

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Appendices

Appendix 1

Table 6 SCT constructs, measurement scales and example indicators
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Appendix 2

Table 7 SCT Constructs’ items dropped from the respective measurement models due to poor loading
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Appendix 3

Table 8 General design guidelines for implementing SCT-based persuasive strategies in the physical activity domain
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Oyibo, K., Orji, R. & Vassileva, J. Developing Culturally Relevant Design Guidelines for Encouraging Physical Activity: a Social Cognitive Theory Perspective. J Healthc Inform Res 2, 319–352 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-018-0026-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-018-0026-9

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