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Identification and Analysis of the Intermediates from Photodegradation of 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) by SERS and HPLC–MS/MS

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Abstract

Understanding the structural changes and degradation mechanisms of organic pollutants is critical in environmental research. In this work, a xenon lamp was used as an analog light source to simulate the effect of sunlight on 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) in aqueous solution. Combining high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with density functional theory (DFT), the degradation intermediates and mechanisms of DAAF were investigated. The sequential breakdown of the –NH2 and –O–N= bonds, followed by the removal of atomic O from –N=N(O)–, was emphasized and investigated using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) and SERS spectra. Three intermediates with mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) 181, 251 and 180 were identified and characterized by integrating experimental SERS data with DFT-calculated Raman spectra based on structures hypothesized from MS spectra. The findings from HPLC–MS and SERS not only corroborate each other but also provide a foundation for a detailed examination of the DAAF degradation process.

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The data supporting the finding reported herein are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Research Fund of SWUST for Ph.D. (22zx7175), the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (24NSFSC5122), and the Analytical and Testing Center of Southwest Jiaotong University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China

    Qi Wu, Juan Li, Nan Ma & Meikun Fan

  2. Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China

    Zhenqi Zhang, Bo Yang, Weimiao Wang & Xiaodong Li

  3. College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Wenxu Zheng

  4. Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China

    Rui Li

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  1. Qi Wu
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Wu, Q., Zhang, Z., Zheng, W. et al. Identification and Analysis of the Intermediates from Photodegradation of 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) by SERS and HPLC–MS/MS. J. Anal. Test. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41664-024-00303-4

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