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Determination of Variance of Secondary Metabolites in Lettuces Grown Under Different Light Sources by Flow Injection Mass Spectrometric (FIMS) Fingerprinting and ANOVA–PCA

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Abstract

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world and different management practice can result in considerable variability of the secondary metabolites. Flow injection mass spectrometry (FIMS) combined with analysis of variance–principle component analysis (ANOVA–PCA) was used to study differences in the secondary metabolites originating from different lighting conditions (Sunlight, white light, and florescent light) and lettuce varieties (Romaine and Lollo Rossa). Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry was used for putative marker compound identification. Quinic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, L-chicoric acid, and quercetin malonyl glucoside varied significantly for Romaine lettuce grown under different light conditions. The study showed that the combination of FIMS fingerprinting and ANOVA–PCA can be a useful tool for the characterization of the sources of variance in plant materials regarding to genetic, environmental, and management factors.

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Jianghao Sun, Nicola Kubzdela, James M. Harnly & Pei Chen

  2. Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA

    Mengliang Zhang

  3. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Quality Lab/Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Nicola Kubzdela & Yaguang Luo

Authors
  1. Jianghao Sun
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  2. Mengliang Zhang
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  5. James M. Harnly
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  6. Pei Chen
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Correspondence to Pei Chen.

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Sun, J., Zhang, M., Kubzdela, N. et al. Determination of Variance of Secondary Metabolites in Lettuces Grown Under Different Light Sources by Flow Injection Mass Spectrometric (FIMS) Fingerprinting and ANOVA–PCA. J. Anal. Test. 2, 312–321 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41664-018-0072-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41664-018-0072-6

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