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Process Design and Economic Evaluation for the Recovery of Halite and Co-products from Lake Katwe Brine

Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability volume 5, pages 445–460 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Salt in Uganda is mainly imported from neighboring countries despite the existence of a 22.5 million t of mineral deposit at Lake Katwe, Western Uganda. Earlier attempts to extract salt from the deposit did not yield the required results. To reduce on the salt import bill and improve the livelihoods of the local miners, a modified solar concentration process was designed to extract sodium chloride and other evaporites. The process flow sheets describing the constituent unit operations were modeled using SuperPro Designer. A bench-scale experiment guided by thermodynamic calculations from the PHREEQC software was conducted to validate the process flow sheets. XRD results show that halite of > 99% purity was produced after the flotation of burkeite and trona. Furthermore, soda ash and sodium sulfate were produced after the second evaporation process by a combination of flotation, carbonation, and calcination techniques. Sodium chloride is the most abundant and feasible product. The unit production cost of sodium chloride was 0.2629 and 0.4724$/kg with a net present value of $2,447,853 and − 12,085,796 of the solar salt and mechanical evaporation processes respectively. As a result, the solar salt extraction process proved highly feasible from both engineering and economic standpoints and thus can be scaled up to a pilot scale using conventional industrial equipment.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks go to the Hydrometallurgy Research Group at the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, for hosting and assisting the lead author to run the experimental work.

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and Makerere University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mining and Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Busitema University, P.O. Box 236, Tororo, Uganda

    Joseph Ddumba Lwanyaga

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art, and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda

    Hillary Kasedde & John Baptist Kirabira

  3. School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Alan Shemi & Sehliselo Ndlovu

Authors
  1. Joseph Ddumba Lwanyaga
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  2. Hillary Kasedde
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  3. John Baptist Kirabira
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  4. Alan Shemi
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  5. Sehliselo Ndlovu
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Correspondence to Joseph Ddumba Lwanyaga.

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Cite this article

Lwanyaga, J.D., Kasedde, H., Kirabira, J.B. et al. Process Design and Economic Evaluation for the Recovery of Halite and Co-products from Lake Katwe Brine. Process Integr Optim Sustain 5, 445–460 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-020-00153-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-020-00153-4

Keywords

  • Salt extraction
  • Sodium chloride
  • Soda ash
  • Thenardite
  • Lake Katwe
  • SuperPro Designer