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Quagga Mussels, Submerged Resources, and Archaeology: How to Preserve Submerged Planes in Freshwater

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Abstract

The conservation of submerged cultural resources can be threatened by the presence of invasive species. One such invasive species is the quagga mussel, which—over the last 20–30 years—has spread from its native habitat of eastern Europe to rivers and freshwater lakes across western Europe and North America. Because quagga mussels attach themselves to available surfaces, once established they tend to colonize submerged cultural resources, often completely obscuring the resource’s surfaces and triggering or hastening the deterioration of the object. This article draws attention to the quagga-mussel threat to underwater historical features at Lake Mead, Nevada. The scope of research focuses on how to mitigate the impact quagga mussels have on submerged cultural resources through a review of short- and long-term mitigation solutions. This work examines how the United States and other countries are containing the problem and what steps are being taken to protect resources from quagga mussels.

Resumen

La conservación de los recursos culturales sumergidos puede verse amenazada por la presencia de especies invasoras. Una de esas especies invasoras es el mejillón quagga, que, en los últimos 20 a 30 años, se ha extendido desde su hábitat nativo de Europa oriental a ríos y lagos de agua dulce en Europa occidental y América del Norte. Debido a que los mejillones quagga se adhieren a las superficies disponibles, una vez establecidos, tienden a colonizar los recursos culturales sumergidos, a menudo oscureciendo por completo las superficies de los recursos y provocando o acelerando el deterioro del objeto. Este artículo llama la atención sobre la amenaza de los mejillones quagga a los elementos históricos submarinos en el lago Mead, Nevada. El alcance de la investigación se centra en cómo mitigar el impacto que tienen los mejillones quagga en los recursos culturales sumergidos a través de una revisión de soluciones de mitigación a corto y largo plazo. En este trabajo se examina la manera en que los Estados Unidos y otros países están conteniendo el problema y las medidas que se están tomando para proteger los recursos frente a los mejillones quagga.

Résumé

La conservation des ressources naturelles immergées peut être menacée par la présence d’espèces invasives. L’une d’entre elles est la moule quagga, qui au cours des 20 ou 30 dernières années s'est propagée depuis son habitat d’origine en Europe orientale vers les rivières et les lacs d’eau douce à travers l’Europe occidentale et l’Amérique du Nord. Les moules quagga se fixent sur les surfaces accessibles, elles ont donc tendance une fois établies à coloniser les ressources culturelles immergées, dissimulant souvent totalement les surfaces de la ressource et déclenchant ou accélérant la détérioration de l’objet. Cet article attire l’attention sur la menace de la moule quagga pour les éléments historiques immergés du Lac Mead, dans le Nevada. Le cadre de recherche s’attache aux moyens visant à réduire l’impact de la moule quagga sur les ressources culturelles immergées grâce à un examen des solutions d’atténuation à court et à long terme. Ces travaux étudient la manière dont les États-Unis et d’autres pays enrayent le problème et les mesures qui sont prises afin de protéger les ressources contre les moules quagga.

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Acknowledgments:

The author would like to thank Dr. Staffan Peterson for the opportunity to conduct research on mitigation of quagga mussels on submerged archaeological artifacts for the National Parks Service. The author also gives many thanks to Liam Frink and Karen Harry for their support and helpful comments. The author would also like to give a big thanks to the journal reviewers and editors for their insight and thoughtful guidance.

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Correspondence to Ruzena J. Zatko.

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Zatko, R.J. Quagga Mussels, Submerged Resources, and Archaeology: How to Preserve Submerged Planes in Freshwater. Hist Arch 57, 1064–1076 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41636-023-00412-4

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