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“Built on Christian Principles”: Archaeologies of St. Mary’s Hall, a New Jersey Female Seminary

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Abstract

The archaeology of academic institutions provides an opportunity to examine gender construction, women’s education, and identity creation. Documentary, landscape, institutional, and gender archaeologies were all employed in the examination of a 19th-century female seminary in Burlington City, Burlington County, New Jersey. Originally operating as a Quaker female seminary between 1829 and 1836, the school was later purchased by Bishop George Washington Doane in 1837 and reconstituted as an Episcopalian secondary school for teenage girls, known as St. Mary’s Hall. It continues to operate today, though as a coeducational institution known as Doane Academy. Archaeology at St. Mary’s Hall/Doane Academy sheds light on 19th-century academic curricula, institutional goals, female agency, and the ways students negotiated the discipline of boarding-school life as they strove to create their own identities and forge important friendships. Data examined include archived student letters, annual institution catalogs and registers, recovered school supplies, existing and former school buildings, and discarded personal items.

Extracto

La arqueología de las instituciones académicas proporciona una oportunidad para examinar la construcción de género, la educación de las mujeres y la creación de identidad. Las arqueologías documental, del paisaje, institucional y de género fueron empleadas todas ellas en el examen de un seminario de mujeres del siglo XIX en la Ciudad de Burlington, Condado de Burlington, Nueva Jersey. Funcionando originalmente como un seminario femenino cuáquero entre 1829 y 1836, la escuela fue comprada posteriormente por el Obispo George Washington Doane en 1837, y fue reconstituida como una escuela secundaria episcopal para chicas adolescentes, conocida como Sr. Mary’s Hall. Sigue funcionando en la actualidad, aunque lo hace como una institución coeducacional conocida como Doane Academy. La arqueología en St. Mary’s Hall/Doane Academy arroja luz sobre los planes de estudio académicos, las metas institucionales, la voluntad de la mujer y las formas en las que las estudiantes negociaban la disciplina de la vida del internado a medida que se esforzaban por crear sus propias identidades y forjar amistades importantes. Los datos examinados incluyen cartas de las estudiantes archivadas, catálogos y registros anuales de la institución, suministros escolares recuperados, edificios escolares existentes y antiguos, y artículos personales desechados.

Résumé

L’archéologie des établissements universitaires donne l’occasion d’examiner la construction sexospécifique, l’éducation des femmes et la création de l’identité. Les archéologies documentaires, des paysages, institutionnelles et sexospécifiques ont toutes été utilisées pour l’étude d’un séminaire de femmes du 19e siècle dans la ville de Burlington (comté de Burlington, New Jersey). Fonctionnant au départ comme un séminaire de femmes Quaker entre 1829 et 1836, l’école a ensuite été achetée par Mgr George Washington Doane en 1837 et reconstituée en tant qu’école secondaire épiscopalienne pour adolescentes, connues comme la St. Mary’s Hall. Elle continue à fonctionner aujourd’hui, mais comme institution mixte sous le nom de Doane Academy. L’archéologie à la St. Mary’s Hall/Doane Academy nous éclaire sur les cursus académiques du 19e siècle, les objectifs institutionnels, le rôle des femmes et la façon dont les élèves négociaient la discipline de la vie de pensionnat, tandis qu’elles s’efforçaient de créer leur propre identité et de forger des amitiés. Les données examinées comprennent les lettres archivées des élèves, les catalogues et registres annuels de l’établissement, des fournitures scolaires récupérées, les bâtiments scolaires actuels et anciens et des objets personnels mis au rebut.

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Acknowledgments:

The authors thank Doane Academy, its trustees, and, particularly, former headmaster John McGee for funding the archaeological investigations. Jack Newman of Doane Academy provided access to the academy’s extensive archives, and current headmaster George Sanderson granted permission to publish herein an 1837 lithograph of St. Mary’s Hall. Monmouth University students and employees of RGA, Inc., aided with excavations and material culture analysis. Adrienne Jarczewski served as the project crew chief and oversaw fieldwork. We thank the following individuals for their assistance: Stephanie Codling, Matthew Craig, Lauren Cunningham, Jennifer Falchetta, Allison Gall, Tessa Gall, Joseph Hardaker, Philip Hayden, Tabitha Hilliard, Adrienne Jarczewski, Paul and Patricia McEachen, Laura Russell, Matthew Sana, Emily Grace Smith, and Sharon White. This article benefited from insightful comments provided by Lu Ann De Cunzo, Diane Dallal, and James Gibb, anonymous reviewers, and journal editors Christopher Matthews and Meta Janowitz.

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  1. RGA, Inc., 259 Prospect Plains Road, Building D, Cranbury, NJ, 08512, U.S.A.

    Michael J. Gall

  2. Department of History and Anthropology, Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Avenue, West Long Branch, NJ, 07764-1898, U.S.A.

    Richard F. Veit

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  1. Michael J. Gall
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Correspondence to Michael J. Gall.

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Gall, M.J., Veit, R.F. “Built on Christian Principles”: Archaeologies of St. Mary’s Hall, a New Jersey Female Seminary. Hist Arch 51, 240–266 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41636-017-0012-8

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