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Low-level gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser irradiation (λ 830 nm) associated with and without fluoridated gel in the prevention of enamel erosion

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Abstract

Purpose

This in vitro study evaluated the effect of a low-level gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser irradiation against erosion in bovine enamel without and combined with fluoride (F), as well as compared the effect of the F treatment alone.

Methods

Eight-four enamel samples were used for 8 groups: negative control (artificial saliva, S); positive control (neutral fluoride gel, F); diode laser (222 J/cm2, L1); diode laser (444 J/cm2, L2); F_L1; F_L2; L1_F; L2_F. Fluoride gel was applied only once before or after irradiation. Laser treatment occurred with an 830-nm diode laser (continuous, beam diameter 0.028 cm2, power 100 mW, power density 3.57 W/cm2). The irradiation was conducted one time (L1, energy 6.2 J, 62 s, energy density 222 J/cm2) or two times (L2, energy 12.4 J, 124 s, energy density 444 J/cm2). The specimens were submitted to erosive challenge using orange juice. Surface compositional changes by micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-EDXRF), surface roughness, and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were evaluated after cycling.

Results

The laser energy density and the fluoride application (before or after laser) affected the mineral content. Treatments with the association laser/fluoride resulted in lower roughness values (Ra, μm) than in the negative control (p < 0.05). L1 treatment produced higher Ra values in the enamel than in the positive control (p < 0.05). The SEM images showed clear enamel loss after S and F and erosion compared with those of the laser-irradiated groups.

Conclusion

The association of F gel with laser in this order resulted in relevant enamel protection.

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Funding

This study received financial support from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (grant number 2005/50811-9 and 2007/07984-5). The authors would like to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the scholarship of Vanessa Borelli Seefeldt (CAPES, PROSUC, Financing Code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Dentistry and Applied Materials (LDAM), Research and Development Institute (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil

    Vanessa Borelli Seefeldt, Marian Pereira Alvarenga & Luís Eduardo Silva Soares

  2. Health Sciences College (FCS), Dentistry Course, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil

    Luís Eduardo Silva Soares

Authors
  1. Vanessa Borelli Seefeldt
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  2. Marian Pereira Alvarenga
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  3. Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
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Correspondence to Luís Eduardo Silva Soares.

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The funders had no role in study design, data collection/analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

The ethics committee of the local university approved the study (CEUA protocol no. A03/CEUA2019, Ethics Committee of the Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Brazil) before the sampling took place.

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Seefeldt, V.B., Alvarenga, M.P. & Soares, L.E.S. Low-level gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser irradiation (λ 830 nm) associated with and without fluoridated gel in the prevention of enamel erosion. Laser Dent Sci 4, 145–155 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41547-020-00100-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41547-020-00100-z

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