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Tracing Late Jurassic ornithopod diversity in the eastern Iberian Peninsula: Camptosaurus-like postcranial remains from Alpuente (Valencia, Spain)

Rastreando la diversidad de ornitópodos del Jurásico Tardío en el este de la Península Ibérica: Restos postcraneales similares a Camptosaurus en Alpuente (Valencia, España)

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Abstract

The ornithopod fossil record from the Upper Jurassic of the Iberian Peninsula is scarce and fragmentary. In the present work, we provide new information regarding the axial and appendicular remains of an ornithopod dinosaur from the base of the Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Iberian-Levantine Basin; Upper Jurassic; Kimmeridgian–Tithonian) in the municipality of Alpuente (Province of Valencia, Spain). The new locality, named ‘Fuentecillas’, could be considered one of the most important Ornithopoda records of this lithostratigraphic unit. The remains are comprised of an anterior cervical centrum; an anterior dorsal centrum; a dorsosacral centrum; four sacral centra; a caudosacral centrum; two anterior caudal centra; three medial caudal centra; and a distal fragment from the left humerus. The combination of several characters in the Fuentecillas specimen indicates that it is more related to basal ankylopollexians than contemporary dryosaurids or styracosternans. Further, it is more similar to Camptosaurus species than Draconyx loureiroi due to the presence of amphicoelous caudal vertebrae. The remains of Fuentecillas are more similar to Camptosaurus aphanoecetes and C. prestwichii than other taxa. However, the Fuentecillas specimen has a humerus with a very narrow and deep posterior intercondylar groove that differs from Camptosaurus species. In addition, the remains of Fuentecillas resemble those of Iberian non-styracosternan ankylopollexians more than other coetaneous ornithopods. For these reasons and the fragmentary nature of such remains, the Fuentecillas specimen is tentatively referred to aff. Camptosaurus sp.

Resumen

El registro fósil de ornitópodos del Jurásico Superior de la Península Ibérica es escaso y fragmentario. En el presente trabajo, proporcionamos nueva información sobre restos del esqueleto axial y apendicular de un dinosaurio ornitópodo proveniente de la base de la Formación Villar del Arzobispo (Cuenca Íbero-Levantina; Jurásico Superior; Kimmeridgiense-Titoniense) en el municipio de Alpuente (Provincia de Valencia, España). El nuevo yacimiento, llamado "Fuentecillas", puede ser considerado como uno de los registros de Ornithopoda más importantes de esta unidad litoestratigráfica. Los restos consisten en un centro cervical anterior; un centro dorsal anterior; un centro dorsosacro; cuatro centros sacros, un centro caudosacro; dos centros caudales anteriores; tres centros caudales medios; y un fragmento distal del húmero izquierdo. La combinación de varios caracteres en el espécimen de Fuentecillas indican que está más relacionado con los anquilopolexios basales que con los driosáuridos o estiracosternos contemporáneos. Además, este es más similar a las especies de Camptosaurus que a Draconyx loureiroi debido a la presencia de vértebras caudales anficélicas. Los fósiles de Fuentecillas son más parecidos a Camptosaurus aphanoecetes y C. prestwichii que a otros taxones. Sin embargo, el espécimen de Fuentecillas tiene un húmero con un surco intercondilar posterior muy estrecho y profundo diferente al de las especies de Camptosaurus. Asimismo, los fósiles de Fuentecillas presentan mayores similitudes con los restos ibéricos asociados a anquilopolexios no estiracosternos que a otros restos de ornitópodos contemporáneos. Por estas razones y debido a la naturaleza fragmentaria de dichos fósiles, el espécimen de Fuentecillas es tentativamente clasificado como aff. Camptosaurus sp.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Fausto Herrero García, the neighbor who communicated the finding of Fuentecillas ornithopod to Museo Paleontológico de Alpuente. L. Alcalá, E. Espílez and other colleagues of the Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis (Teruel, Spain) for providing access to the collection of the Museo Aragonés de Paleontología (Teruel, Spain) and Margarita Belinchón from the Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Valencia (Valencia, Spain). R. Royo-Torres for his comments. And Scott Hartman for the permission to use the skeletal drawn. We also appreciate the useful comments and suggestions made by the editor Matías Reolid and the reviewers F. Escaso and F. Gascó.

Funding

Part of the tasks of this work has been funded by the Ayuntamiento de Alpuente, the Fondo Social Europeo (AVALEM JOVES PLUS program) and Fundación Universitat y Empresa (ADEIT) from the University of Valencia. F.J.V and M.S thank the Project ‘Systematics and palaeobiology of Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs of the SE Iberian Basin and their palaeobiogeographical implication (PGC2018-094034-B-C22, SEDINOBRIDGE, and Unidad de Paleontología de Dinosaurios de Teruel) financed by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades from Spanish Government; C.deS. acknowledges support from the project CGL2017-85038-P, funded by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad from the Spanish Government, both projects funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and FEDER. And F.J.V also thanks the support by Departamento de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Gobierno de Aragón), and Research Group E04_20R FOCONTUR financed by Departamento de Ciencia, Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento (Gobierno de Aragón) and the Instituto Aragonés de Fomento.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Museo Paleontológico de Alpuente, Av. San Blas, 17, 46178, Alpuente, Valencia, Spain

    S. Sánchez-Fenollosa & M. Suñer

  2. Departament of Botany and Geology, Universitat de València, Av. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

    S. Sánchez-Fenollosa & C. de Santisteban

  3. Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis, Av. Sagunto S/N, 44002, Teruel, Spain

    F. J. Verdú

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  1. S. Sánchez-Fenollosa
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  4. C. de Santisteban
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Sánchez-Fenollosa, S., Verdú, F.J., Suñer, M. et al. Tracing Late Jurassic ornithopod diversity in the eastern Iberian Peninsula: Camptosaurus-like postcranial remains from Alpuente (Valencia, Spain). J Iber Geol 48, 65–78 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-021-00182-z

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