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Constraints of applying strontium isotope stratigraphy in coastal and shallow marine environments: insights from Lower Cretaceous carbonates deposited in an active tectonic setting (N Iberian Basin, Spain)

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Abstract

The Lower Cretaceous Leza Formation is an essentially carbonate unit deposited at the northernmost active margin of the Cameros Basin (N Spain) under an extensional tectonic regime. This unit is composed of freshwater, marine-influenced, marginal-marine and hypersaline marine carbonate facies, interbedded with variable amounts of alluvial deposits, mainly derived from the erosion of the Jurassic substrate. 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O and δ13C analyses were obtained from carbonate facies of the Eastern and Western sectors of the basin. δ18O values follow the expected trend in both sectors: they are more negative (down to − 7.9‰) in freshwater carbonates and more positive (up to + 2.8‰) in marginal-marine to hypersaline facies. However, independently of the seawater or freshwater influence, in the Western Sector the 87Sr/86Sr values (0.707373–0.707801) are significantly lower and closer to the published Lower Cretaceous seawater 87Sr/86Sr ratios, than those of the Eastern Sector (0.707988–0.709033), where the overall marine influence was relatively high and the alluvial input low. These data strongly suggest that 87Sr/86Sr ratios were mainly controlled by those of the riverine freshwater arriving to the coastal and marine areas after the weathering and erosion of the Jurassic carbonates or siliciclastic rocks, in the Western and Eastern sectors, respectively. Thus, data indicate that, in coastal and shallow marine carbonates, the influence of the riverine water on the 87Sr/86Sr ratios should be systematically evaluated. This is particularly necessary in active tectonic settings, where the uplifted areas are significantly prone to weathering and erosion and where alluvial fan systems commonly developed, eventually discharging into coastal and shallow marine areas.

Resumen

La Formación Leza es una unidad esencialmente carbonática del Cretácico Inferior depositada en el borde norte de la cuenca de Cameros (N de España) en un contexto tectónico extensional. Está formada por facies carbonáticas de agua dulce, con influencia marina, marinas marginales e hipersalinas, intercaladas con cantidades variables de depósitos aluviales, procedentes de la erosión del sustrato Jurásico de la cuenca. Se han obtenido datos de 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O y δ13C de las facies carbonáticas en las zonas Oriental y Occidental de la cuenca. Los valores de δ18O siguen la tendencia esperable en ambas zonas: son más negativos (hasta-7.9‰) en los carbonatos de agua dulce y más positivos (hasta + 2.8‰) en las facies marinas marginales e hipersalinas. Sin embargo, independientemente de la influencia marina o de agua dulce, los valores de 87Sr/86Sr de la zona Occidental (0.707373–0.707801) son significativamente inferiores y más próximos a los valores publicados para los carbonatos marinos del Cretácico Inferior, que los de la zona Oriental (0.707988–0.709033), donde la influencia marina fue, en general, relativamente mayor y el aporte aluvial menor. Estos resultados indican que las relaciones de 87Sr/86Sr estuvieron controladas principalmente por las del agua dulce fluvial que llegaba a las zonas costeras y marinas tras la meteorización y erosión del sustrato Jurásico de la cuenca, carbonático en el Sector Occidental y siliciclástico en el Oriental, y sugieren que, para la interpretación de las relaciones de 87Sr/86Sr en carbonatos costeros y marinos someros, sobre todo de aquéllos depositados en contextos tectónicamente activos, se debería evaluar sistemáticamente la influencia del agua dulce.

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Acknowledgements

This work is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Carmen Galindo, who was always ready to help with a beautiful smile. Thanks to her we have a great Geochronology Laboratory, “right below our feet”. This research was funded by the Spanish projects PGC2018-094034-B-C21 and CGL2014-52670-P, the ‘Sedimentary geology, palaeoclimate and environmental change’ Research Group of the Complutense University of Madrid‒Madrid Community. We are also grateful to José Manuel Fuenlabrada (Chema), Lora Wingate, Aitor Antón, Juan Carlos Salamanca and Beatriz Moral, for their technical support. Authors thanks Dr. Concha Arenas and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive suggestions and comments

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  1. Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    M. Isabel Benito, Pablo Suarez-Gonzalez, Sonia Campos-Soto & Marta Rodríguez-Martínez

  2. Instituto de Geociencias IGEO (UCM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    M. Isabel Benito

  3. Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33005, Oviedo, Spain

    I. Emma Quijada

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Benito, M.I., Suarez-Gonzalez, P., Quijada, I.E. et al. Constraints of applying strontium isotope stratigraphy in coastal and shallow marine environments: insights from Lower Cretaceous carbonates deposited in an active tectonic setting (N Iberian Basin, Spain). J Iber Geol 47, 151–169 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-020-00142-z

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