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Early Ordovician magmatism in the Sierra de Ancaján, Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina): implications for the early evolution of the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana

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Abstract

The Ancaján pluton is a small-scale (ca. 5.34 km2) elongated igneous body of granodiorite to monzogranite composition that crops out in the Sierra the Ancaján (Eastern Sierras Pampeanas), intruding marbles and metasedimentary rocks of the Ediacaran Ancaján series. New SHRIMP and LA-MC-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon analyses from one granodiorite sample yielded a likely Ordovician crystallization age of ca. 473 Ma. Inherited Cambrian, Neoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic ages have also been recorded. The Ancaján granitoids are calc-alkalic, magnesian and slightly peraluminous with medium to high K2O (2.44–3.74 wt%) and high Na2O (4.05–4.51 wt%) contents. These geochemical characteristics are comparable to those of the Ordovician Na-rich (TTG-like) magmatism of the Foreland Famatinian Domain (FFD) in the Sierras de Córdoba. Therefore, the Ancaján pluton could represent the northernmost outcrop of such magmatism. Isotopes data (Sr/Sri = 0.7052–0.7055; εNdi = − 0.7 to − 0.4; TDM = 1.24–1.27 Ga) and inherited zircon ages suggest that the parental magma probably resulted from partial melting of a combined source, mainly formed by older subcontinental mantle with mafic–ultramafic oceanic lithosphere composition, along with recycling/assimilation of continental crust involving Pampean granitoids and/or Ediacaran to Cambrian sedimentary protoliths. This interpretation is coincident with that postulated for the Ordovician Na-rich granitoids from the Sierras de Córdoba. The evidence shown here further implies that metasedimentary rocks of the Sierra de Ancaján were part of the continental upper plate during the Famatinian subduction, and corroborate the previous imbrication of the Ancaján and Puncoviscana series during the early Cambrian Pampean Orogeny.

Resumen

El plutón Ancaján es un cuerpo ígneo elongado, de reducidas dimensiones (ca. 5.34 km2) y composición granodiorítica a monzogranítica que aflora en la Sierra de Ancaján (Sierras Pampeanas Orientales), intruyendo a mármoles y rocas metasedimentarias de la serie Ancaján de edad Ediacarense. Nuevas dataciones de U–Pb en circón realizadas en una muestra granodiorítica mediante SHRIMP y LA-MC-ICP-MS indican una probable edad de cristalización Ordovícica de unos 473 Ma. También se han registrado circones heredados de edades Cámbricas, Neoproterozoicas, Mesoproterozoicas y Paleoproterozoicas. Los granitoides de Ancaján son calcoalcalinos, magnesianos y ligeramente peraluminosos con contenidos medios a altos de K2O (2.44–3.74% en peso) y altos de Na2O (4.05–4.51% en peso). Estas características geoquímicas son comparables a las del magmatismo sódico de tipo TTG Ordovícico del Dominio de Antepaís Famatiniano (FFD) de las Sierras de Córdoba. En consecuencia, el pluton Ancaján podría representar el afloramiento más septentrional de dicho magmatismo. Los datos isotópicos (Sr/Sri = 0.7052–0.7055; εNdi = − 0.7 to − 0.4; TDM = 1.24–1.27 Ga) junto con la presencia de circones heredados, sugieren que el magma parental resultó de la fusión parcial de una fuente combinada, que estaría formada principalmente por un manto subcontinental más viejo con una composición que correspondería a una litosfera oceánica máfica-ultramáfica, junto con el reciclado/asimilación de corteza continental que involucraría granitoides Pampeanos y/o protolitos sedimentarios de edad Ediacarense a Cámbrica. Esta interpretación coincide con la postulada para los granitoides Ordovícicos ricos en Na de las Sierras de Córdoba. Las evidencias presentadas en este trabajo indican que las rocas metasedimentarias que afloran en la Sierra de Ancaján formaron parte de la placa continental superior durante la subducción Famatiniana, corroborando así, la imbricación previa de las series Ancaján y Puncoviscana durante la Orogenia Pampeana de edad Cámbrico temprano.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Argentine Grants FONCyT PICT-2016-0843 and PICT-2017-0619, CONICET PIP 2015-2018 11220150100901CO and PIP0178, SECyT-UNC-2018-Consolidar and PUE-2016-CONICET, and Grant CGL2016-76439-P from the Spanish Mineco (Ministery of Economy). U-Pb zircon data using LA-MC-ICP-MS were collected by JAD during a stay developed in the Geosciences Institute of the São Paulo University supported by the Grant FAPESP 2018/06837-3. We thank Pilar Montero for helping us with the interpretation of the SHRIMP data. We also thank Aitor Cambeses and an anonymous reviewer whose comments greatly improved the quality of this article, and Ricardo Arenas for his efficient and helpful editorial handling. This contribution is in memory of our beloved friend Carmen Galindo, who passed away in 2019 and is co-author of the work.

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  1. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA, Córdoba, Argentina

    Priscila S. Zandomeni, Sebastián O. Verdecchia, Edgardo G. Baldo, Juan A. Moreno, Juan A. Dahlquist, Matías M. Morales Cámera & Carlos D. Ramacciotti

  2. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA, Córdoba, Argentina

    Priscila S. Zandomeni, Sebastián O. Verdecchia, Edgardo G. Baldo, Juan A. Moreno, Juan A. Dahlquist, Matías M. Morales Cámera & Carlos D. Ramacciotti

  3. Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Geología, Universidad Complutense (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Carmen Galindo & César Casquet

  4. Instituto de Geociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 562, São Paulo, 05508-080, Brazil

    Miguel A. S. Basei

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  1. Priscila S. Zandomeni
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  2. Sebastián O. Verdecchia
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Correspondence to Priscila S. Zandomeni.

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Zandomeni, P.S., Verdecchia, S.O., Baldo, E.G. et al. Early Ordovician magmatism in the Sierra de Ancaján, Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina): implications for the early evolution of the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. J Iber Geol 47, 39–63 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-020-00141-0

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