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Short-term eustatic sea-level changes during the Cenomanian–Turonian Supergreenhouse interval in the Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Tethyan realm

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Abstract

Introduction

The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Koppeh-Dagh Basin (NE Iran) have spread out from west to east. The purpose of this study is to record sea-level changes and palaeo-climate history of the late Cenomanian-early Turonian interval in the eastern part of the Kopet-Dagh Basin (Taherabad section) using geochemical anomalies and minerals signatures.

Methods

Two geochemical proxies including ∆13C (pCO2 index) and δ18O have been analyzed for palaeo-climate interpretation. Also, detrital index and kaolinite values were measured to determine humidity and chemical weathering in the study section.

Results

Our results indicate variations in palaeo-climate indices including two cool intervals surrounded by warm periods in the study succession. The δ13C curve represents two main positive peaks in the cool intervals at the upper part of Rotalipora cushmani and middle part of Whiteinella archaeocretacea biozones.

Conclusion

We conclude that according to aquifer-eustasy hypothesis the cool and dryer intervals, which are characterized by decreased detrital input and kaolinite contents in the studied section, are associated with aquifer discharge and sea-level rise. Inversely, the warm and humid episodes are consistent with increased precipitation and chemical weathering, resulting aquifer charge and sea-level fall. The sequence boundaries in the studied succession are positioned at upper part of R. cushmani and middle part of W. archaeocretacea zones and can be correlated with Ce5 and Tu1 global events.

Resumen

Introducción

Este trabajo considera el límite Cenomaniense-Turoniense en la Cuenca Kopet-Dagh (NE Irán). El objetivo reconstruir los cambios del nivel del mar y del paleoclima en el intervalo Cenomaniense terminal-Turoniense basal en la parte oriental de la cuenca (sección Taherebab) a partir de cambios geoquímicos y menoralógicos.

Métodos

La reconstrucción paleoclimática se han basado en indicadores geoquímicos de tipo isotópico: ∆13C (índice de pCO 2 ) y δ18O. Además, se han usado el índice de componente detrítico y los valores de caolinita para estimar valores de paleohumedad y meteorización química.

Resultados

Las variaciones de los indicadores paleoclimáticos en la sección estudiada permiten reconocer dos intervalos relativamente fríos limitados por periodos más cálidos. La curva de δ13C muestra dos máximos positivos principales que corresponden con los intervalos fríos y se localizan respectivamente en la parte superior de la biozona de Rotalipora cushmani y en la parte media de la biozona Whiteinella archaeocretacea.

Conclusión

De acuerdo con la hipótesis acuífero-eustática, los intervalos más fríos y secos, caracterizados por la disminución del contenido detrítico y en caolinita en las facies, están asociados con el descenso del volumen de agua de los acuíferos y el consiguiente ascenso del nivel del mar. Inversamente, los episodios más cálidos y húmedos están relacionados con el aumento de precipitaciones y la meteorización química, resultando en un incremento del volumen de agua almacenado en los acuíferos y en la disminución del nivel del mar. Los límites de secuencia en la sección estudiada se sitúan en la en la parte superior de la biozona de Rotalipora cushmani y en la parte media de la biozona Whiteinella archaeocretacea, y pueden relacionarse con los eventos globales Ce5 y Tu1.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Dr. Kai-Uwe Gräfe for his editorial guidance and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Thanks are also extended to Prof. Fujio Kumon (Shinshu University of Japan) for his generous supports, Dr. Yoshihiro Kakizaki, Dr. Mahsa Saeedi and Dr. Tasuku Urabe for their kindly collaboration in geochemical analysis. This study was conducted as a Ph.D. thesis at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (#3/28230) contribution of the first author (B.K.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Behnaz Kalanat, Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy Gharaie & Mohammad Vahidinia

  2. Gas Hydrate Laboratory, Meiji University, Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Tokyo, Japan

    Ryo Matsumoto

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  1. Behnaz Kalanat
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  2. Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy Gharaie
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  3. Mohammad Vahidinia
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  4. Ryo Matsumoto
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Correspondence to Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy Gharaie.

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Kalanat, B., Gharaie, M.H.M., Vahidinia, M. et al. Short-term eustatic sea-level changes during the Cenomanian–Turonian Supergreenhouse interval in the Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Tethyan realm. J Iber Geol 44, 177–191 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-018-0060-8

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