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Compatibility of fluazaindolizine with Pasteuria penetrans on spore attachment and infection of three Meloidogyne species

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Abstract

Fluazaindolizine (Reklemel™ active) is a novel sulfonamide and active ingredient (a.i) of the nematicide Salibro™. Its bio-compatibility with Pasteuria penetrans (Pp), a bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) has been proven in a previous study, where the number of attached spores on juveniles was not affected when spores were incubated in the nematicide, at concentrations of 5–250 ppm a.i for a period of 1–21 days. In the current follow-up study, spores of a single Pp isolate (Pp3) or a blend (Ppblend) of six isolates, were incubated in fluazaindolizine [Salibro™ 500SC, 50% (a.i) at 250 ppm a.i.] for 24 or 26 days. The suspensions were washed through a cellulose filter (1 µm) five times to remove the nematicide while collecting the spores on the filter surface. Juveniles of M. javanica, M. incognita and M. hapla were exposed to these spore suspensions in Petri dishes and the number of attached spores recorded after 24 h. The number of attached spores which were incubated in the nematicide did not differ or was even significantly higher, to that of untreated spores, incubated in water. The spore encumbered juveniles were used to infect tomatoes or peppers which were uprooted and checked after 50 days. The pre-exposure to fluazaindolizine did not alter the ability of the spores to infect females and prevent egg laying. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the fluazaindolizine-treated spores produced new spores inside the infected females of M. javanica that readily attached to juveniles like these derived from untreated spores.

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Funding

This project was partially funded by Corteva Agriscience. EN and AC were employed to I.O.S.V by funds of this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, 32A Kastorias street, Mesa Katsabas, 71307, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    Emmanuel A. Tzortzakakis, Eleni Nasiou & Anastasia Chatzaki

  2. Corteva Agriscience™, Riedenburger Str. 7, 81677, Munich, Germany

    Tim C. Thoden

Authors
  1. Emmanuel A. Tzortzakakis
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  2. Eleni Nasiou
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  3. Anastasia Chatzaki
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  4. Tim C. Thoden
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Contributions

EAT designed and performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript; EN contributed to part of the experimental work and analyzed the data; AC performed the experiments; TCT got the funding, designed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Emmanuel A. Tzortzakakis.

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All the authors certify that (1) do not have any actual or potential conflict of interest, (2) the study described is original, has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, (3) all prevailing national and international regulations and conventions, and normal scientific ethical practices, have been respected.

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Tzortzakakis, E.A., Nasiou, E., Chatzaki, A. et al. Compatibility of fluazaindolizine with Pasteuria penetrans on spore attachment and infection of three Meloidogyne species. J Plant Dis Prot 130, 817–822 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00754-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00754-4

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