Abstract
The tortricid moths Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermueller) and Eupoecilia ambiguella (Hübner) are major insect pests of grapevine Vitis vinifera. We compared the pattern of volatile organic compounds in headspace samples of four different grapevine cultivars in dependency of their phenological stage by thermodesorption coupled with gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry. Further, we assessed the detection of compounds by the antenna of both moth species by GC coupled with electroantennographical detection. We detected significant differences between the chemical compositions of headspace samples of the four cultivars based on the odor bouquet. By comparing the principal component linear discriminant analysis pattern of only those chemical compounds that could be actually detected by the moths’ antenna, the different cultivars showed similar odor patterns indicating that differences measured by GC may not be detected by the moths’ antenna. The supposed reduced discriminatory ability of both moth species was supported by behavioral bioassays using a Y-tube olfactometer. In connection to the recently published impact of the berries’ visual appearance (shape and color) and nonvolatile compounds of the wax layer, the presented results suggest that reported moth preferences for specific cultivars are not encoded by volatiles only. The results of this study will contribute to the development of an innovative egg-monitoring tool for grapevine moths.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the vine-growers Sven and Walter Stein (Hirschberg, Germany) participating in the project for allowing us to carry out experiments in their vineyard. We are grateful to Sandra Biancu (JKI Siebeldingen, Germany), Sebastian Faus, Sandra Schubach and Kai Lukat (JKI, Dossenheim, Germany) for insect rearing and technical assistance, to Omer Nevo (University of Ulm, Germany) for introduction in AMDIS and to Jannicke Gallinger (JKI Dossenheim) for statistical advices.
Funding
MR and AM were supported by funds of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) based on a decision of the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany via the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE) under the innovation support program number 2814701611.
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Rid, M., Markheiser, A., Stein, S. et al. Volatiles of several grapevine cultivars emitted at different phenological stages linked to discriminatory ability of grapevine moths. J Plant Dis Prot 126, 115–127 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-019-00214-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-019-00214-y