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Adverse effects of brassica green manures on encysted eggs, infective second-stage juveniles and the reproduction of Globodera rostochiensis

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Abstract

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera spp., are major pests of potato worldwide. In this study, the toxicity of an aqueous extract (1 g/ml) of fresh leaves of brassica species (savoy cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, red cabbage, turnip, white mustard and edible radish) was tested on G. rostochiensis encysted eggs and infective, second-stage juveniles (J2) in vitro. Soil infested with cysts (Pi 20 eggs/g soil) was either fumigated with metham sodium and/or biofumigated with 2 % green manure of brassica and wheat under glasshouse conditions. More than 99 % of the J2 were paralysed after 24 h and <1 % of J2 hatched from encysted eggs during a 6-week exposure to brassica extracts. Nematode reproduction on the susceptible potato cv. Marfona was reduced by green manure amendments, the numbers of new cysts was reduced by between 60 % in radish- and 33 % in cauliflower-treated soil. The reproduction rate of G. rostochiensis was reduced to less than 1, and final populations of eggs and J2/g soil were reduced by between 73 % (white mustard) and 92 % (edible radish). Likewise, green manure of wheat and metham sodium fumigation decreased potato cyst nematode reproduction rates to below one, new cysts by 50 and 42 %, and final eggs/g soil by 81 and 88 %, respectively. In infested soil, total fresh weight of aerial parts and roots of potato was decreased by 64 %, while total weight of plants was increased between 21 and 74 % in brassica amended soil, and 56 and 76 % in wheat and metham sodium-treated soil, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, AREO, Tehran, Iran.

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  1. Nematology Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P. O. Box 1454, Tehran, 19395, Iran

    Seddigheh Fatemy

  2. Agriculture Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva, Iran

    Aghazade Sepideh

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Fatemy, S., Sepideh, A. Adverse effects of brassica green manures on encysted eggs, infective second-stage juveniles and the reproduction of Globodera rostochiensis . J Plant Dis Prot 123, 225–233 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-016-0031-2

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