Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

m-Health, Smartphones, and Apps for Behavioral Health: Human Factors for All Users

  • Published:
Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Healthcare delivery has changed dramatically with the emergence and maturation of telehealth and related technology-enabled platforms to connect patients and providers. Mobile technologies are readily on the general healthcare marketplace. With over 3.4 billion smartphone and tablet users around the world, it is estimated that at least 50% have downloaded mobile healthcare apps. Evidence suggests some apps have a positive impact on clinical workflow and patient outcomes, including those in behavioral health. A large number of health apps incorporate human factors methods in their design, development, and evaluation, but barriers and challenges exist so actual engagement is at best variable and oftentimes low. If an app is too difficult, clumsy, or annoying to use, it really does not matter if it does what one wants at the price one wants if no one uses it. Close attention to human factors throughout the app development and implementation cycle will help ensure that the majority of users will benefit from and experience high satisfaction with a given app. The proliferation of apps, when regulated or not, provides users with a wide array of options, so what does not work for one may work for another. Carefully defining an apps’ purpose (task) and knowing the user population will go a long way towards helping those developing and those selecting an app for effective and efficient use in behavioral health scenarios.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arean, P. A., Ly, K. H., & Andersson, G. (2016). Mobile technology for mental health assessment. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 18(2), 163–169.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, D., Kazantzis, N., Rickwood, D., & Rickard, N. (2016). Mental health smartphone apps: review and evidence-based recommendations for future developments. JMIR Mental Health, 3(1), e7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Baysari, M. T., & Westbrook, J. I. (2015). Mobile applications for patient-centered care coordination: a review of human factors methods applied to their design, development and evaluation. Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 10(1), 47–54.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • British Standards Institute. PAS 277:2015 Health and wellness apps—quality criteria across the life cycle—code of practice, 2015. https://shop.bsigroup.com/upload/271432/PAS%20277%20(2015)bookmarked.pdf Accessed 21 December 2018.

  • Cerwall, P. Ericsson mobility report on the pulse of the net-worked society. 2015. http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2015/ericsson-mobility-report-june-2015.pdf Accessed 20 December 2018.

  • Charness, N., Demiris, G., & Krupinski, E. (2012). Designing telehealth for an aging population: a human factors perspective. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, L. M., Murphy, S. A., & Strecher, V. (2007). The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) and the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART): new methods for more potent eHealth interventions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32(5 Suppl), S112–S118.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Conner, M., & Norman, P. (2005). Predicting health behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillingham, R., Ingersoll, K., Flickinger, T. A., Waldman, A. L., Grabowski, M., Laurence, C., Wispelwey, E., Reynolds, G., Conaway, M., & Cohn, W. F. (2018). PositiveLinks: a mobile health intervention for retention in HIV care and clinical outcomes with 21-month follow up. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 32(6), 241–250.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, M. J., Wunderlich, K., Zhao, Y., & Faulkner, G. (2018). Walk this way: validity evidence of iPhone health application step count in laboratory and free-living conditions. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(15), 1695–1704.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, J. J. (2011). The elements of user experience: user-centered design for the web and beyond (2nd ed.). Berkeley: New Riders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldwater, J. C. (2014). Human factors and usability in mobile health design—factors for sustained patient engagement in diabetes care. Proceedings of the International Symposium Human Factors Ergonomics Health Care, 3(1), 63–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hur, J. W., Kim, B., Park, D., & Choi, S. W. (2018). A scenario-based cognitive behavioral therapy mobile app to reduce dysfunctional beliefs in individuals with depression: a randomized controlled trial. Telemedicine and eHealth, 24(9), 710–716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • International Organization for Standardization. (1998). 9241-210 Ergonomics of human-system interaction—Part 210: human-centered design for interactive systems. https://webstore.ansi.org/Standards/ISO/ISO92412102010?gclid=Cj0KCQiA6ozhBRC8ARIsAIh_VC3HvH2lLvMts-t3kAyHg23sVydDhs5QeMcglhVlHAzH35FH5hx8XckaAqEWEALw_wcB Accessed 26 December 2018.

  • International Organization for Standardization. (2006). Software engineering—software product quality requirements and evaluation (SQuaRE)-common industry format (CIF) for usability test reports. https://webstore.ansi.org/Standards/ISO/ISOIEC250622006?gclid=Cj0KCQiA6ozhBRC8ARIsAIh_VC1CTB-vzzDnwz4nz_Xy3AoKHb5TxduIyI-pZ_lL4fqG0ssJmTUrOOEaAorkEALw_wcB Accessed 26 December 2018.

  • Jahns, R.G. (2015). 500m people will be using healthcare mobile applications in 2015. http://research2guidance.com/500m -people-will-be-using-healthcare-mobile-applications-in-2015-2/ Accessed 20 December 2018.

  • Jake-Scoffman, D. E., Silfee, V. J., Warnig, M. E., Boudreaux, E. D., Sadasivam, R. S., Mullen, S. P., Carey, J. L., Hayes, R. B., Ding, E. Y., Bennett, G. G., & Pagoto, S. L. (2017). Methods for evaluating the content, usability, and efficacy of commercial mobile health apps. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 5(12), e190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, D., Patel, V., Hilliman, C., Morin, P., Pevzner, J., Weinstock, R., Goland, R., & Starren, J. (2003). Usability in the real world: assessing medical information technologies in patients’ homes. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 36(1–2), 45–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lowdermilk, T. (2013). User-centered design: a developer’s guide to building user-friendly applications. Sebastopol: O’Reilly Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moumane, K., Idri, A., & Abran, A. (2016). Usability evaluation of mobile applications using ISO 9241 and ISO 25062 standards. SpringerPlus, 5, 548.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Prgomet, M., Georgiou, A., & Westbrook, J. I. (2009). The impact of mobile handheld technology on hospital physicians’ work practices and patient care: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 16(6), 792–801.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, P., Papanek, P., Csuka, M. E., Brown, M. E., Hopkins, S., Lynch, S., Scheer, V., Schlidt, A., Yan, K., Simpson, P., Hoffman, R., & the Striving To Be Strong Team. (2018). Background and method of the Striving to be Strong study a RCT testing the efficacy of a m-health self-management intervention. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 71, 80–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shore, J. H., Yellowlees, P., Caudill, R., Johnston, B., Turvey, C., Mishkind, M., Krupinski, E., Myers, K., Shore, P., Kaftarian, E., & Hilty, D. (2018). Best practices in videoconferencing-based telemental health April 2018. Telemed eHealth, 24(11), 827–832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stojmenova, E. (2014). User-centered design for e-health applications for elderly people. New York: Lambert Academic Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoyanov, S. R., Hides, L., Kavanagh, D. J., Zelenko, O., Tjondronegoro, D., Mani, M. (2015). Mobile app rating scale: a new tool for assessing the quality of health mobile apps. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 3(1), e27.

  • Torous, J., Nicholas, J., Larsen, M. E., Firth, J., & Christensen, H. (2018). Clinical review of user engagement with mental health smartphone apps: evidence, theory and improvements. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 21(3), 116–119.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • United States Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Digital Communications Division, 2018. https://www.usability.gov/Accessed 26 December 2018.

  • United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Mobile medical applications: guidance for industry and Food and Drug Administration staff, 2015. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/UCM263366.pdf. Accessed 21 December 2018.

  • Van Velthoven, M. H., Wyatt, J. C., Meinert, E., Brindley, D., & Wells, G. (2018). How standards and user involvement can improve app quality: a lifecycle approach. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 118, 54–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elizabeth A. Krupinski.

Ethics declarations

Not a research paper

Conflict of Interest

The author declares that she has no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Krupinski, E.A. m-Health, Smartphones, and Apps for Behavioral Health: Human Factors for All Users. J. technol. behav. sci. 4, 124–129 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-019-00092-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-019-00092-z

Keywords

Navigation