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Concentrated Solar Power: Actual Performance and Foreseeable Future in High Penetration Scenarios of Renewable Energies

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Abstract

Analyses proposing a high share of concentrated solar power (CSP) in future 100% renewable energy scenarios rely on the ability of this technology, through storage and/or hybridization, to partially avoid the problems associated with the hourly/daily (short-term) variability of other variable renewable sources such as wind or solar photovoltaic. However, data used in the scientific literature are mainly theoretical values. In this work, the actual performance of CSP plants in operation from publicly available data from four countries (Spain, the USA, India, and United Arab Emirates) has been estimated for three dimensions: capacity factor (CF), seasonal variability, and energy return on energy invested (EROI). In fact, the results obtained show that the actual performance of CSP plants is significantly worse than that projected by constructors and considered by the scientific literature in the theoretical studies: a CF in the range of 0.15–0.3, low standard EROI (1.3:1–2.4:1), intensive use of materials—some scarce, and significant seasonal intermittence. In the light of the obtained results, the potential contribution of current CSP technologies in a future 100% renewable energy system seems very limited.

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Notes

  1. Additionally, restrictions on water use in arid regions that often have the most appropriate solar resources for CSP would reduce plant efficiency due to the implementation of dry-cooling technologies.

  2. However, these large scale intercontinental infrastructures are challenged by geopolitical and economic barriers, as well as concerns over energy and food security (for a detailed discussion, see Capellán-Pérez et al. 2017b).

  3. In Capellán-Pérez et al. (2017b), Sv is called seasonal variation, that could be a rather confusing term; here we use this performance factor in this sense: the more seasonal variation the lower Sv, or inversely, the more approaching Sv = 1 the lesser seasonal variation of electricity production.

  4. 4.4% = 15%·0.2907, 15% being the legal maximum of primary energy to be supplied by gas, and 0.2907 the efficiency factor of gas combustion. Assuming that the maximum has been reached, this is reasonable, given that most CSP plants in Spain have been penalized in the past for surpassing the 15% level (CNMC 2016).

  5. Towers use a double tracking solar technology against the one tracking used by Parabolic plants.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been partially developed under the MEDEAS Project, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 691287. Iñigo Capellán-Pérez also acknowledges financial support from the Juan de la Cierva Research Fellowship of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (No. FJCI-2016-28833).

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  1. Applied Physics Department, Escuela de Arquitectura, University of Valladolid, Av Salamanca, 18, 47014, Valladolid, Spain

    Carlos de Castro

  2. Research Group on Energy, Economy and System Dynamics, University of Valladolid, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Paseo del Cauce s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain

    Carlos de Castro & Iñigo Capellán-Pérez

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Appendices

Appendix A

See Table 9.

Table 9 Contribution to the EnU for each phase/material processing of a CSP plant standard type Andasol for scenarios 1–3
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Appendix B

See Tables 10 and 11.

Table 10 Sensitivity analysis for some other parameters for other two extreme cases (see Table 7 and text for the chosen parameters)
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Table 11 Sensitivity analysis for the parameter “g”
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de Castro, C., Capellán-Pérez, I. Concentrated Solar Power: Actual Performance and Foreseeable Future in High Penetration Scenarios of Renewable Energies. Biophys Econ Resour Qual 3, 14 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41247-018-0043-6

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