Abstract
Compacted graphite was obtained using inmold technology. The effect of aluminium on the crystallization process, microstructure, ferrite microhardness, and hardness of compacted graphite iron was studied. The microscopic and diffraction tests were also performed, and the process of cast iron crystallization was also investigated. Results show that aluminium increases the temperature of the eutectic transformation as well as the transformation temperature in the solid state. It is found that aluminium is a graphite forming element in compacted graphite iron (CGI) at a concentration up to 2.4wt.%. When its concentration is higher than 3.1wt.%, aluminium causes the spheroidization of the carbides in eutectoid mixture. It is also demonstrated that in cast iron with an aluminium content higher than ~8wt.%, AlFe3C0.5 phase crystallizes from the liquid.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lim C-H, Goo B-C. Development of compacted vermicular graphite cast iron for railway brake discs. Metals and Materials International, 2011, 17 (2): 199–205.
Zhou G, Liu W H. Production technique of vermicular graphite iron cylinder head of vehicle diesel engine. China Foundry, 2011, 5 (3): 153–161.
Laneri K, Bruna P, Crespo D. Microstructural characterization and kinetics modelling of vermicular cast irons. Materials Science and Technology, 2011, 24 (10): 1214–1221.
Guzik E, Kleingartner T. A study on the structure and mechanical properties of vermicular cast iron with pearlitic-ferritic matrix. Archives of Foundry Engineering, 2011, 9 (3): 55–60.
Górny M, Kawalec M. Effects of titanium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of thin-walled compacted graphite iron castings. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2011, 22 (5): 1519–1524.
Tooptong S, Park K H, Lee S W, et al. A preliminary machinability study of flake and compacted graphite irons with multilayer coated and uncoated carbide inserts. Procedia Manufacturing, 2016, 5: 644–657.
Bacior M, Sobczak N, Homa M, et al. High-temperature interaction of molten vermicular graphite cast iron with Al2O3 substrate. Transactions of the Foundry Research Institute, 2011, 57 (4): 375–384.
Fragassa C, Pavlović A. Compacted and spheroidal graphite irons: experimental evaluation of Poisson's ratio. FME Transactions, 2011, 44 (4): 327–332.
Lopez-Covaleda E, Ghodrat S, Kestens L, et al. Proposal of characterization procedure of metal-graphite interface strength in compacted graphite iron. Materials, 2011, 11 (7): 1159.
Gregorutti R W, Grau J E. Mechanical properties of compacted graphite cast iron with different microstructures. International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2011, 27 (5): 275–281.
Soiński M S. Low-aluminium cast iron. Częstochowa, 2012, 26. (In Polish)
Zheng W, He S, Selleby M, et al. Thermodynamic assessment of the Al-C-Fe system. Calphad, 2017, 58: 34–49.
Palm M, Inden G. Experimental determination of phase equilibria in the Fe-Al-C system. Intermetallics, 2011, 3 (6): 443–454.
Phan A T, Paek M-K, Kang Y-B. Phase equilibria and thermodynamics of the Fe-Al-C system: critical evaluation, experiment and thermodynamic optimization. Acta Materialia, 2014, 79: 1–15.
Safronov N N, Kharisov L R, Safronov G N. Aluminium-alloyed cast iron with compact graphite inclusions from fine production wastes. Processes of Manufacture of Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals, 2017, 17: 1207–1209.
Elbel T, Hampl J. Influence of Al and Ti on microstructure and quality of compacted graphite iron castings. Metalurgija, 2011, 48 (4): 243–247.
Soiński M S, Jakubus A, Stradomski G. The influence of aluminium on the spheroidization of cast iron assessed on the basis of wedge test. Archives of Foundry Engineering, 2011, 13 (1): 163–168.
Elbel T, Hampl J, Vladík R, et al. Influence of aluminium on the formation of pinholes in cast irons. Archives of Foundry Engineering, 2011, 8 (2): 27–32.
Kashani S M, Mostafavi B S M A. As-cast acicular ductile aluminium cast iron. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 2011, 16 (6): 23–28.
Boutorabi S M. Fracture characteristics of austempered spheroidal graphite aluminium cast irons. In: Proc. International Symposium on Processing and Fabrication of Advanced Materials VI, Singapore, 1997.
Zhi X, Han Y, Lui J. Effect of aluminium on the primary carbides of a hypereutectic high chromium cast iron. Material Science & Engineering Technology, 2011, 46 (1): 33–39.
Soiński M S, Jakubus A, Kordas P, et al. The effect of aluminium on graphitization of cast iron treated with cerium mixture. Archives of Foundry Engineering, 2011, 14 (2): 95–100.
Kutalia E, Khidasheli N, Tsurtsumia O, et al. The contact fatigue and the wear of DADI class aluminium cast iron. Procedia Engineering, 2011, 2 (1): 1219–1224.
Takamori S, Osawa Y, Halada K. Aluminium-alloyed cast iron as a versatile alloy. Materials Transactions, 2011, 43 (3): 311–314.
Soiński M S, Warchala T, Zyska A. The effect of aluminium on the maximum temperature of eutectic transformation and the volume of the cast iron eutectic recalescence. Archives of Foundry, 2003, 3 (10):175–180. (In Polish)
Soiński M S, Kukla Ł. The research on the production of low aluminium-chromium cast iron with compacted graphite. Archives of Foundry, 2011, 6 (18): 165–170. (In Polish)
Malakizadi A, Sadik I, Nyborg L. Wear mechanism of CBN inserts during machining of bi-metal aluminium-grey cast iron engine block. Procedia CIRP, 2013, 8: 188–193.
Safronov N N, Kharisov L R, Safronov G N. Aluminium-alloyed cast iron with compact graphite inclusions from fine production wastes. Processes of Manufacture of Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals, 2017, 17: 1207–1209.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Grzegorz Gumienny
Male, born in 1974, a member of Technical Association of Polish Foundrymen, and Foundry Commission of Polish Academy of Sciences. He got his Ph.D in technical sciences, Lodz University of Technology in 2003.
Research interests and achievements: foundry engineering, casting materials, abrasion resistant materials. To date, he has published 75 technical papers in peer-reviewed journals, and a monograph entitled “The selected aspects of the theory and technology of ductile cast iron with carbides obtained in the raw state”.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gumienny, G., Kurowska, B. & Klimek, L. Aluminium in compacted graphite iron. China Foundry 17, 137–143 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41230-020-9013-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41230-020-9013-x