Abstract
Aceh province is renowned for its potential marine resources, including fish, with snapper being one of the most economically important coral fish. In Indonesia, this fish serves as the main target for coral fishing, particularly in Aceh, causing a decline in its wild population. This decline requires a sustainable development management plan by acquiring information on population dynamics and natural growth patterns. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze population dynamics related to aspects of fishing rate and population status as well as the natural growth patterns to evaluate ecological condition. The analysis focused on the two predominant snapper species in Aceh waters, namely Lutjanus bengalensis and L. lutjanus, consisting of 376 and 342 samples collected from January to September 2023. Growth pattern analysis showed that the coefficient b value that determined the growth pattern ranged from 0.63 ± 0.0–2.59 ± 2.25 for L. bengalensis with an average of 1.9 ± 0.64, indicating a negative growth pattern, while L. lutjanus had 0.50 ± 0.0–3.27 ± 0.0 with an average of 1.72 ± 1.11, also displaying a negative growth pattern with asymptotic length 287.7 mm and 242.55 mm. Population dynamics analysis showed a higher fishing mortality (F) rate for L. bengalensis and L. lutjanus at 1.98 year− 1 and 1.41 year − 1, respectively which were higher than the natural mortality (M) rate with 0.86 year − 1 and 0.59 year− 1. Current exploitation higher than maximum exploitation (Ecurr > Emax ; E > 0.5) of both species L. bengalensis and L. lutjanus respectively with 0.82 year− 1 > 0.81 year− 1 and 0.80 year− 1 > 0.79 year− 1. In conclusion, the two snapper species had a negative allometric growth patterns, and population dynamic analysis indicating that their population experienced overfishing.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data will made available on request.
References
Alagaraja K (1984) Simple methods for estimation of parameters for assessing exploited fish stocks. Indian J Fish 31:177–208
Alam MS, Liu Q, Nabi MR-U-, Al-Mamun MA (2021) Fish Stock Assessment for Data-Poor Fisheries, with a case study of Tropical Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in the Water of Bangladesh. Sustainability 13:3604
Allen GR, Adrim M (2003) Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zoological Studies-Taipei- 42(1):1–72
Almamari D, Rabia S, Park JM, Jawad LA (2021) Age, growth, mortality, and exploitation rate of blueline snapper, Lutjanus coeruleolineatus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Lutjanidae), from Dhofar Governorate, Sultanate of Oman. AIeP 51:159–166. https://doi.org/10.3897/aiep.51.63572
Amador E, Aggrey-Fynn J (2021) Growth, mortality, sexual Maturity and Exploitation Level of the golden African Snapper (Lutjanus fulgens, Lutjanidae) in Ghanaian Waters. West Afr J Appl Ecol 29(2):33–46. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/220055/207645
Amorim P, Sousa P, Jardim E, Azevedo M, Menezes GM (2020) Length-frequency data approaches to evaluate snapper and grouper fisheries in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Fish Res 229:105576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105576
Anderson RO (1996) Length, weight, and associated structural indices. Fisheries techniques
Aswita D, Suryadarma IGP, Suyanto S (2018) Local wisdom of Sabang island society (Aceh, Indonesia) in building ecological intelligence to support sustainable tourism. Geoj 22(2):393–402. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.22210-297
Barua S, Liu Q, Alam MS, Kanak MK, Ali MM (2023) Population dynamics and stock assessment of Red snapper (Lutjanus johnii) in the Bay of Bengal Bangladesh waters. Reg Stud Mar Sci 63:102983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.102983
Burton ML (2002) Age, growth and mortality of mutton snapper, Lutjanus analis, from the east coast of Florida, with a brief discussion of management implications. Fish Res 59:31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(02)00007-3
Cadrin SX (2020) Defining spatial structure for fishery stock assessment. Fish Res 221:105397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105397
Chen D, Xiong F, Wang K, Chang Y (2009) Status of research on Yangtze fish biology and fisheries. Environ Biol Fishes 85:337–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-009-9517-0
Cochard R (2017) Scaling the costs of natural ecosystem degradation and biodiversity losses in Aceh Province, Sumatra. Red Diver Dyna Nat Res Manag Asia 1:231–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805454-3.00013-X
De Robertis A, Williams K (2008) Weight-length relationships in fisheries studies: the standard allometric model should be applied with caution. Trans Am Fish Soc 137(3):707–719. https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-124.1
Denechaud C, Smoliński S, Geffen AJ, Godiksen JA, Campana SE (2020) A century of fish growth in relation to climate change, population dynamics and exploitation. Global Change Biol 26(10):5661–5678. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15298
Famoofo OO, Abdul WO (2020) Biometry, condition factors and length-weight relationships of sixteen fish species in Iwopin fresh-water ecotype of Lekki Lagoon, Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. Heliyon 6(1):e02957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02957
Firdaus M, Salim G, Cahyadi J, Weliyadi E, Bintoro G (2020) Model and nature of growth of red snapper fish (Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1775)) fishing catch of bottom fish pots in Bunyu waters, North Kalimantan. AACL Bioflux 13(3):1410–1421. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
Froese R, Binohlan C (2003) Simple methods to obtain preliminary growth estimates for fishes. J Appl Ichthyol 19(3):376–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2003.00490.x
Gayanilo FC, Sparre P (2005) FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools II: User’s guide. Food & Agriculture Org
Gebremedhin S, Bruneel S, Getahun A, Anteneh W, Goethals P (2021) Scientific methods to understand fish population dynamics and support sustainable fisheries management. Water 13(4):574. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040574
Glaser M, Breckwoldt A, Deswandi R, Radjawali I, Baitoningsih W, Ferse SC (2015) Of exploited reefs and fishers–A holistic view on participatory coastal and marine management in an Indonesian archipelago. Ocean Coastal Manage 116:193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.07.022
Haltuch MA, Punt AE, Dorn MW (2008) Evaluating alternative estimators of fishery management reference points. Fish Res 94(3):290–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.01.008
Hansen MJ, Fayram AH, Newman SP (2011) Natural mortality in relation to age and fishing mortality on walleyes in Escanaba Lake, Wisconsin, during 1956–2009. N Am J Fish Manage 31(3):506–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.593929
Herwaty S, Mallawa A, Najamuddin N, Zainuddin M (2023) Age, growth, mortality, and population characteristics of the red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the Timor Sea waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J Biol Divers 24(4):2217–2224. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240434
İlkyaz A, Metin G, Soykan O, Kinacigil H (2008) Length–weight relationship of 62 fish species from the Central Aegean Sea, Turkey. J Appl Ichthyol 24(6):699–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01167.x
IUCN (2023) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Jensen A (1997) Origin of relation between K and L inf and synthesis of relations among life history parameters. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 54:987–989
Jin S, Yan X, Zhang H, Fan W (2015) Weight–length relationships and Fulton’s condition factors of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the western and central Pacific Ocean. PeerJ 3:e758. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.758
Johnston FD, Arlinghaus R, Dieckmann U (2013) Fish life history, angler behaviour and optimal management of recreational fisheries. Fish Fish 14(4):554–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00487.x
KKP (2020) Statistik perikanan https://statistik.kkp.go.id/home.php?m=prod_ikan_laut_kab
KKP (2021) Statistik perikanan https://statistik.kkp.go.id/home.php?m=prod_ikan_laut_kab
Masood Z, Farooq RY (2010) Length-weight relationship and condition and relative condition parameters of Lutjanus species of the family Lutjanidae collected from Karachi fish harbor, Pakistan. Int J Biol Biot 7(4):505–509
Mehanna SF, Baker TS, Soliman FM, Soliman HA (2017) Some biological aspects and population dynamics of the five-lined snapper, Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Family: Lutjanidae) from Red Sea off Hurghada, Egypt. Int J Fish Aquat Stud 5:321–326
Muchlisin ZA, Siti-Azizah MN (2009) Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in Aceh waters, northern Sumatra Indonesia. Int J Zool Res 5:62–79. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2009.62.79
Muchlisin Z, Cheng S (2014) Hubungan Panjang Berat Dan Faktor Kondisi Tiga Spesies Cumi Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan Di Perairan Laut Aceh Bagian Utara. Bionatura 16(2):72–77. https://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/bionatura/article/view/7566/3463
Muchlisin ZA, Musman M, Siti Azizah MN (2010) Length-weight relationships and condition factors of two threatened fishes, Rasbora tawarensis and Poropuntius tawarensis, endemic to Lake Laut Tawar, Aceh Province, Indonesia. J Appl Ichthyol 26(6):949–953. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01524.x
Muchlisin ZA, Nazir M, Musman M (2012) Pemetaan potensi daerah untuk pengembangan kawasan minapolitan di beberapa lokasi dalam Provinsi Aceh: suatu kajian awal. Depik 1(1):68–77. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.1.1.29
Muchlisin ZA, Fadli N, Nasution AM, Astuti R (2013) Catatan Penelitian: Persepsi nelayan terhadap kebijakan subsidi perikanan dan Konservasi Di Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh. Depik 2(1):33–39. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.2.1.594
Nair R, Seetha P (2020) Some biological aspects and population dynamics of the humpback redsnapper. Lutjanus gibbus. Lutjanidae)from northern Arabian Sea, Family
Newman S, Cappo M, Williams D (2000) Age, growth, mortality rates and corresponding yield estimates using otoliths of the tropical red snappers, Lutjanus erythropterus, L. Malabaricus and L. Sebae, from the central great barrier reef. Fish Res 48:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00115-6
Oliveira MSB, Silva LMA, Prestes L, Tavares-Dias M (2020) Length-weight relationship and condition factor for twelve fish species from the Igarapé Fortaleza basin, a small tributary of the Amazonas River Estuary. Acta Amaz 50:8–11. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201900702
Pakro A, Mallawa A, Amir F (2020) Population dynamic of red snapper (Lutjanus gibbus) at Alor waters East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia IOP Conference Series: Ear and Env Sci IOP Publishing, pp 012091
Parsons DM, Bian R, McKenzie JR, McMahon SJ, Pether S, Munday PL (2020) An uncertain future: effects of ocean acidification and elevated temperature on a New Zealand snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) population. Mar Environ Res 161:105089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105089
Pauly D (1980) On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. ICES J Mar Sci 39(2):175–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175
Pauly D (1987) A review of the ELEFAN system for analysis of length-frequency data in fish and aquatic invertebrates ICLARM conf Proc, pp 7–34
Prihatiningsih P, Kamal MM, Kurnia R, Suman A (2017) Hubungan Panjang-Berat, Kebiasaan Makanan, Dan Reproduksi Ikan Kakap Merah (Lutjanus gibbus: Famli Lutjanidae) Di Perairan Selatan Banten. BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap 9(1):21–32. https://doi.org/10.15578/bawal.9.1.2017.21-32
Rahman MM, Ariffin NA, Seah YG, Jaafar TNAM, Habib A (2023) Length-weight relationships and relative condition factors of three coral-associated Lutjanus species from Terengganu waters of the South China Sea, Malaysia. Turk J Zool 47(4):216–221. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3134
Ramadhani A, Muchlisin ZA, Sarong MA, Batubara AS (2017) Hubungan panjang berat dan faktor kondisi ikan kerapu famili Serranidae Yang tertangkap di Perairan Pulo Aceh Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh. Depik 6(2):112–121. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.6.2.7017
Rapi NL (2023) Dinamika Populasi Ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus malabaricus) di perairan Pinrang. Jur Pen Perik Indo 28:177–185. https://doi.org/10.15578/jppi.28.4.2022.177-185
Razi A, Noori A (2018) Length-weight, Condition factor and gonadosomatic index of blackspot snapper Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskal, 1775) (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) in the northern Persian Gulf. Int J Aquat Biol 6(2):66–74. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijab.v6i2.454
Rodhouse PG, Pierce GJ, Nichols OC, Sauer WH, Arkhipkin AI, Laptikhovsky VV, Lipiński MR, Ramos JE, Gras M, Kidokoro H (2014) Environmental effects on cephalopod population dynamics: implications for management of fisheries. Adv Mar Biol 67:99–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800287-2.00002-0
Roul SK, Akhil A, Retheesh T, Rajesh K, Ganga U, Abdussamad E, Rohit P (2020) Length-weight relationships of fifty fish species from Indian waters. Thalassas: An Int. J. Mar. Sci 36: 309–314 doi https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41208-020-00223-x
Rudi E (2011) Ikan Karang Perairan Aceh Dan Sekitarnya. Penerbit Lubuk Agung
Rudi E, Iskandar T, Fadli N, Hidayati H (2012) Impact of mass coral bleaching on reef fish community and fishermen catches at Sabang, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Aquac Aquar Conserv Legis 5(5):309–320. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
Rypel AL, Richter TJ (2008) Empirical percentile standard weight equation for the blacktail redhorse. N Am J Fish Manage 28(6):1843–1846. https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-193.1
Sparre P (1992) Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment (part 1-manual). FAO Fish Tech Pap 376:186–190
Sriati S (2011) Kajian bio-ekonomi sumberdaya ikan kakap merah Yang didaratkan di pantai selatan Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat. Jur Akua Indo 2:245092
Then AY, Hoenig JM, Hall NG, Hewitt DA, Jardim HE (2015) Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species. ICES J Mar Sci 72:82–92
Tirtadanu T, Wagiyo K, Sadhotomo B (2018) Pertumbuhan, Hasil per penambahan baru dan rasio potensi pemijahan ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus malabaricus Schneider, 1801) di perairan Sinjai Dan Sekitarnya. Jur Pen Perik Indo 1:1. https://doi.org/10.15578/jppi.1.1.2018.1-10
Wakefield CB, Coulson PG, Loudon L, Newman SJ (2020) Latitudinal and sex-specific differences in growth and an exceptional longevity for the Maori snapper Lutjanus rivulatus from north-western Australia. Fish Res 230:105634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105634
Zhang C-I, Megrey BA (2006) A revised alverson and carney model for estimating the instantaneous rate of natural mortality. Trans Am Fish Soc 135:620–633. https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-173.1
Funding
This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia through the PMDSU research scheme by Contract No.062/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2023. The authors are grateful to the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia and The Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) for supporting this research and for providing scholarship for Enhancing the Quality of International Publication/Sandwich Like-PMDSU 2023 program with contract No.165.45/E4.4/KU/2023.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
S.R.R, I.R, M.I.L, L.S.H, N.M.R took the sample and analysis data for this research and wrote the Introduction section of this manuscript. S.R.R, M.Z.A, N.F, S.R wrote method and discussion section. All Authors reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Approval
The Research Ethics and Animal Care Committee at Syiah Kuala University granted complete approval for this study (Ethics Code No: 958/2015). No specific permits were necessary for sampling, as the samples were acquired from commercial fishers.
Competing Interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Rahayu, S.R., Rizal, S., Fadli, N. et al. Growth Patterns, Condition Factor, and Population Dynamics of Snapper Lutjanus bengalensis and Lutjanus lutjanus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) Harvested from Aceh Waters Indonesia. Thalassas (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-024-00694-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-024-00694-2