Abstract
The purpose of this study was to enhance the biosorption capacity of the aquatic biomass Callitriche obtusangula for the anionic dye Direct Red 89 in aqueous solution through chemical pretreatment. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the optimal pretreatment parameters of the biomass, such as the nature and the concentration of the activating agent and the effect of pretreatment time. The best dye removal efficiency was found to be 83%, which was obtained using the biomass treated with H3PO4, an initial dye concentration of 40 mg/L, a temperature of 20 °C, a biomass dose of 2 g/L, and a pH of 1. A number of methods of probing the structure of the biomass, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, specific surface area calculation, point of zero charge measurement, and the Boehm titration method, indicated that phosphoric acid acts as a dehydrating and oxidizing agent that enhances the surface area and functional groups of the biomass. Moreover, phosphoric acid promoted dye biosorption by grafting phosphate functions onto the biomass and enhancing the acid functions involved in dye fixation. Adsorption isotherm studies showed that the Freundlich model agreed well with the experimental data. In addition, the kinetics of biosorption were best described by a pseudo-second-order model.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express their gratitude to the laboratory staff of Souk Ahras (Algeria) for their technical assistance with the spectroscopic analytical technique (FTIR), and to the laboratory (LOMOP). The authors thank the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Algeria for financial support through the PRFU project (N°: A16N01UN230120180001).
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Benabbas, K., Zabat, N. & Hocini, I. Study of the chemical pretreatment of a nonconventional low-cost biosorbent (Callitriche obtusangula) for removing an anionic dye from aqueous solution. Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr 6, 54 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-021-00265-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-021-00265-4