References
Taranto-Montemurro L, Messineo L, Sands SA, Azarbarzin A, Marques M, Edwards BA, Eckert DJ, White DP, Wellman A. The combination of atomoxetine and oxybutynin greatly reduces obstructive sleep apnea severity. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(10):1267–76. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201808-1493OC.
Lim R, Messineo L, Grunstein RR, Carberry JC, Eckert DJ. The noradrenergic agent reboxetine plus the antimuscarinic hyoscine butylbromide reduces sleep apnoea severity: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover trial. J Physiol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP281912.
Aishah A, Lim R, Sands SA, Taranto-Montemurro L, Wellman A, Carberry JC, Eckert DJ. Different antimuscarinics when combined with atomoxetine have differential effects on obstructive sleep apnea severity. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021;130(5):1373–82. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01074.2020.
Tempesta D, Socci V, De Gennaro L, Ferrara M. Sleep and emotional processing. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;40:183–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.12.005.
Eckert DJ, Owens RL, Kehlmann GB, Wellman A, Rahangdale S, Yim-Yeh S, White DP, Malhotra A. Eszopiclone increases the respiratory arousal threshold and lowers the apnoea/hypopnoea index in obstructive sleep apnoea patients with a low arousal threshold. Clin Sci (1979). 2011;120(12):505–14. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20100588.
Funding
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province China (No.2019A1515010981). The funding bodies had no role in design, data collection and analysis, or interpretation of the findings.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
DW is the primary author of this letter. RC generated the original concept and searched for information. NZ revised this letter.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None reported.
Consent for publication
All authors have seen and approved the manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, D., Chen, R. & Zhang, N. The concern about noradrenergic and antimuscarinic agents for OSA. Sleep Biol. Rhythms 20, 319–320 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-021-00367-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-021-00367-0