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Relationships between daytime sleepiness and sleep quality, duration, and phase among school-aged children: a cross-sectional survey

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Abstract

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to simultaneously evaluate sleep quality, duration, and phase in school-aged children and correlations between each dimension of sleep and daytime sleepiness were comprehensively examined. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with school-aged children enrolled in four public elementary schools in Joetsu city, Niigata prefecture in Japan (n = 1683). Among the collected responses (n = 1290), 1134 valid responses (547 boys and 587 girls) were analyzed (valid response rate was 87.90%). Data on daytime sleepiness, sleep quality (problems in sleeping at night), sleep duration (the average sleeping time during a week), and sleep phase (sleep timing: bedtime and rising time on weekdays, and sleep regularity: differences in bedtime and rising time between on weekdays and weekends) were collected. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the following dimensions were significantly correlated with daytime sleepiness: the decline in sleep quality [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.71–4.00], bedtime after 21:30 on weekdays (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.15–2.18), bedtime delay on weekends, compared to weekdays (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.27–2.41), and bedtime advance on weekends, compared to weekdays (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.78–6.20). Sleep dimensions that significantly affected daytime sleepiness in school-aged children are sleep quality, bedtime-timing, and regularity of bedtime. It is important to detect problems in night sleep and establish treatments, as well as to provide support for early bedding on weekdays and for a regular bedtime both on weekdays and on weekends to prevent daytime sleepiness in school-aged children.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Research Project of Joetsu University of Education (General Research 2014–2015) and JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. JP 16H03247.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan

    Shintaro Hara

  2. Department of Psychology and Humanities, College of Sociology, Edogawa University, 474 Komagi, Nagareyama, Chiba, 270-0798, Japan

    Ryuichiro Yamamoto

  3. Joetsu Municipal Kasuga Junior High School, 1-9-3 Kasugano, Joetsu, Nigata, 943-0803, Japan

    Miki Maruyama

  4. Division of Humanities and Social Education, Graduate School of Education, Joetsu University of Education, 1 Yamayashiki, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0815, Japan

    Reiko Hojo

  5. Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan

    Shinobu Nomura

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  1. Shintaro Hara
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  2. Ryuichiro Yamamoto
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Correspondence to Ryuichiro Yamamoto.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was permitted by the Ethics Committee of Joetsu University of Education (Permission number: 56).

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Hara, S., Yamamoto, R., Maruyama, M. et al. Relationships between daytime sleepiness and sleep quality, duration, and phase among school-aged children: a cross-sectional survey. Sleep Biol. Rhythms 16, 177–185 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-018-0148-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-018-0148-8

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