Abstract
Accurate pose estimation is key for a large number of real world applications. For example, automated cars require fast, recent, accurate, and highly available pose estimates for robust operation. Multiple redundant and complementary localisation systems are therefore installed on most automated vehicles. This work proposes a novel multi-sensor pose fusion approach for generically combining measurements from multiple localisation systems into a single pose estimate. We formulate our approach as a sliding window pose graph and enforce a particular chain graph structure, which enables efficient optimisation and a novel form of marginalisation. Our pose fusion approach scales from a filtering-based to a batch solution by increasing the size of the sliding window. It also adapts online to the available computational resources to guarantee high availability. We evaluate our approach on simulated data as well as on real data gathered with a prototype vehicle and demonstrate that our solution runs at 20 Hz, provides timely estimates, is accurate, and yields high availability.
Zusammenfassung
Sensorfusion für die Positionierung von autonom fahrenden Fahrzeugen. Eine genaue Lokalisierung ist zentral für viele reale Anwendungen. So benötigen beispielsweise automatisierte Autos häufige, aktuelle, präzise und hochverfügbare Schätzungen der Fahrzeugpose. Daher sind auf den meisten automatisierten Fahrzeugen mehrere redundante und komplementäre Ortungssysteme integriert. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir eine neuartige generische Ortungsfusion zum Zusammenführen der Positionsmessungen von unterschiedlichen Ortungssystemen. Wir konstruieren dazu einen Posengraphen über das Zeitfenster der letzten Odometrie- und Positionsmessungen, so dass der Aufbau des Graphen einer Kettenstruktur entspricht. Diese ermöglicht ein effizientes Optimieren und eine neue Art der Marginalisierung. Unser Ortungsfusionsansatz skaliert von einer filter-basierten bis zur Batch-Lösung durch das Vergrößern des Zeitfensters. Er passt sich außerdem zur Laufzeit an die verfügbaren Rechenressourcen an, um eine hohe Verfügbarkeit der Posenschätzungen zu gewährleisten. Wir evaluieren unseren Ansatz mit Hilfe simulierter und auf einem realen Prototypen aufgezeichneter Daten und zeigen, dass unsere Lösung mit 20 Hz läuft, aktuelle Schätzungen bereitstellt, sowie präzise und hochverfügbar ist.
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Merfels, C., Stachniss, C. Sensor Fusion for Self-Localisation of Automated Vehicles. PFG 85, 113–126 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41064-017-0008-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41064-017-0008-1