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Chlorine salt influence on durability and strength of additive-free EPS lightweight concrete

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Abstract

This study explores the formulation of lightweight concrete (LWC) by incorporating expanded polystyrene (EPS) pearls as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate without supplementary bonding agents. The investigation focuses on assessing the resilience of the concrete in a sodium chloride environment, achieved by subjecting the material to immersion in two distinct salty water concentrations. Key parameters under scrutiny include EPS content, concrete strength, and salt concentration. Eight concrete groups were established, varying the replacement of natural coarse aggregate with EPS at volumes ranging from 0 to 70%. Each EPS ratio underwent comprehensive testing for concrete strength at different ages, coupled with exposure to salt concentrations of 3.5% and 7% by weight. The outcomes demonstrated a disproportionate reduction in compressive strength compared to density as EPS content increased. Specifically, a 42% decline in concrete density corresponded with an 81% decrease in strength across the range of 0–70% EPS content. Furthermore, heightened salt concentrations correlated with diminished concrete strength, accentuating the detrimental impact of saltwater exposure. Concrete samples, initially cured in freshwater and subsequently exposed to saltwater, exhibited an average strength loss of about 12% at a salt concentration of 3.5%, and approximately 17% at a salt concentration of 7%, compared to samples preserved in freshwater for 7, 28, and 90 days. This study aims to explore and assess the viability of formulating lightweight concrete (LWC) by incorporating expanded polystyrene (EPS) pearls as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate without supplementary bonding agents. The primary focus is understanding the resulting concrete's resilience in a sodium chloride environment. The study aims to systematically investigate the impact of varying levels of EPS content on concrete strength, density, and overall performance. By subjecting the material to different saltwater concentrations, the research seeks to unravel the complex interplay between EPS content, concrete properties, and the influence of saltwater exposure. The overarching goal is to provide valuable insights into the potential applications and limitations of lightweight concrete incorporating EPS, particularly in scenarios involving saline environments. In conclusion, the findings underscore the complex relationship between EPS content, concrete properties, and the influence of saltwater exposure. The study provides valuable insights into the potential applications and limitations of lightweight concrete incorporating EPS in scenarios involving saline environments. Further research avenues may explore practical implications and optimizations for specific applications in construction and related industries.

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Data availability

The data used in this study are available on request from the author.

Abbreviations

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

C:

Cement

DPA:

Date palm ash

EPS:

Expanded polystyrene

FCW:

Fine ceramic waste

G:

Gravel

GFC:

Geopolymer foam concrete

IQS:

Iraqi standard

ITZ:

Interfacial transition zone

LWC:

Lightweight concrete

NWC:

Normal-weight concrete

PC:

Polymer-cement

S:

Sand

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

UHPGC:

Ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete

W/C:

Water cement ratio

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq

    Faris Rashied Ahmed

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Ahmed Salih Mohammed

  3. Engineering Department, Civil Engineering, American University of IraqSulaimani (AUIS), Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq

    Ahmed Salih Mohammed

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  1. Faris Rashied Ahmed
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Correspondence to Ahmed Salih Mohammed.

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Ahmed, F.R., Mohammed, A.S. Chlorine salt influence on durability and strength of additive-free EPS lightweight concrete. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 9, 105 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-024-01412-w

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