Abstract
The effect of perforations on reduction of scouring at bridge abutments is studied experimentally. Different number of holes were placed through two different lengths of vertical wall abutments. Long term experiments were conducted to achieve the equilibrium scour hole condition. At the first stage, different arrangement of holes in horizontal and vertical rows were examined for maximum efficiency, that is maximum reduction of scour hole depth. Results showed that horizontal arrangements outperform the vertical ones with similar flow condition and opening ratio. At the next stage of experiments, the effect of relative abutment length that is the ratio of flow depth to abutment length on perforation efficiency was investigated. Results showed that in opening ratios smaller than 50%, the efficiency increased with increase in relative abutment length. Openings more than 50% did not affect the scour hole depth. Finally, by nonlinear regression analysis, an empirical equation was developed for estimating scour depth at abutments with the best arrangement of perforation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Tabarestani MK, Zarrati AR (2017) Local scour calculation around bridge pier during flood event. KSCE J Civ Eng 21(4):1462–1472
Chen G, Schafer B, Lin Z, Huang Y, Suaznaba O, Shen J (2013) Real-time monitoring of bridge scour with magnetic field strength measurement. In: Proceedings of the transportation research board 92nd annual meeting, Washington, DC, USA, 13–17
Richardson EV, Abed L (1999) Top width of pier scour holes in free and pressure flow. Stream stability and scour at highway bridges: compendium of stream stability and scour papers presented at conferences sponsored by the Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulics) Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers
Melville BW (1997) Pier and abutment scour: integrated approach. J Hydr Eng 123(2):125–136
Ghazvinei PT, Darvishi HH, Ariffin J, Jahromi SHM, Aghamohammadi N, Amini A (2017) MTP validation analysis of scour formulae in an integral abutment bridge. KSCE J Civ Eng 21(3):1009–1021
Moradi F, Bonakdari H, Kisi O, Ebtehaj I, Shiri J (2019) Abutment scour depth modeling using neuro-fuzzy-embedded techniques. Mar Georesour Geotechnol 37(2):190–200
Sturm TW, Ettema R, Melville BW (2011) Evaluation of bridge scour research: abutment and contraction scour progresses and prediction. Final Rep. No. NCHRP project 24–27(02). Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC
Hong SH, Sturm TW, Stoesser T (2015) Clear water abutment scour in a compound channel for extreme hydrologic events. J Hydr Eng 141(6):4015005
Yang Y, Xiong X, Melville BW, Sturm TW (2021) Flow redistribution at bridge contractions in compound channel for extreme hydrological events and implications for sediment scour. J Hydr Eng. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001861
Yang Y, Xiong X, Melville BW, Sturm TW (2021) Dynamic morphology in a bridge-contracted compound channel during extreme floods: effects of abutments, bed-forms and scour countermeasures. J Hydrol 594:125930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125930
Cardoso AH, Bettess R (1999) Effects of time and channel geometry on scour at bridge abutments. J Hydr Eng 125(4):388–399
Dey S, Barbhuiya AK (2005) Time variation of scour at abutments. J Hydr Eng 131(1):11–23
Mohammadpour R, Ghani AA, Vakili M, Sabzevari T (2016) Prediction of temporal scour hazard at bridge abutment. Nat Hazards 80(3):1891–1911
Oliveto G, Hager WH (2002) Temporal evolution of clear-water pier and abutment scour. J Hydr Eng 128(9):811–820
Coleman SE, Lauchlan C, Melville BW (2005) Clear water scour development at bridge abutments. J Hydr Res 43(4):445–448
Melville BW, Ballegooy SV, Coleman SE, Barkdoll B (2007) Riprap size selection at wing-wall abutments. J Hydr Eng 133(11):1265–1269
KarimaeeTabarestani M, Zarrati AR (2013) Design of stable riprap around aligned and skewed rectangular bridge piers. J Hydr Eng 139(8):911–916
KarimaeeTabarestani M, Zarrati AR (2015) Design of riprap stone around bridge piers using empirical and neural network method. Civ Eng Infrast J 48(1):175–188
Rashno E, Zarrati AR, KarimaeiTabarestani M (2019) Design of riprap for bridge pier groups. Can J Civ Eng. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2019-0007
Fathi A, Mohammad S, Zomorodian A (2018) Effect of submerged vanes on scour around a bridge abutment. KSCE J Civil Eng 22(7):2281–2289
Khosravinia P, Malekpour A, Hosseinzadehdalir A, Farsadizadeh D (2018) Effect of trapezoidal collars as a scour countermeasure around wing-wall abutments. Water Sci Eng 11(1):53–60
Hong SH, Abid I (2019) Scour around an erodible abutment with riprap apron over time. J Hydr Eng 145(6):06019007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001605
Melville BM, Yang Y, Xiong X, Ettema E, Nowroozpour A (2021) Effects of streamwise abutment length on scour at riprap apron-protected setback abutments in compound channels. J Hydr Eng. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001860
Tafarojnoruz A, Gaudio R, Calomino F (2012) Evaluation of flow altering countermeasures against bridge pier scour. J Hydr Eng 148(3):297–305
Grimaldi C, Gaudio R, Calomino F, Cardoso AH (2009) Countermeasures against local scouring at bridge piers: slot and combined system of slot and bed sill. J Hydr Eng 135(5):425–431
Grimaldi C, Gaudio R, Calomino F, Cardoso AH (2009) Control of scour at bridge piers by a downstream bed sill. J Hydr Eng 135(1):13–21
Radice A, Lauva O (2012) On flow-altering countermeasures for scour at vertical wall abutment. Arch Hydro Eng Env Mech 59(3):137–153
Osroush M, Hosseini SA, Kamanbedast AA, Khosrojerdi A (2019) The effects of height and vertical position of slot on the reduction of scour hole depth around bridge abutments. Ain Shams Eng J 10:651–659
Sehat M, Kamanbedast A, Bordbar A, Masjedi A, Heidarnejad M (2020) The study of convergent and divergent slots on scour reduction around abutment. Ain Shams Eng J 12(2):1241–1253
Hosseini SA, Osroush M, Kamanbedast AA, Khosrojerrdi A (2020) The effect of slot dimensions and its vertical and horizontal position on the scour around bridge abutments with vertical walls. Sadhana 45(1):1–16
Saad NY, Fattouh EM, Mokhtar M (2021) Effect of L-shaped slots on scour around a bridge abutment. Water Pract Tech 16(3):935–945
Raudkivi AJ (1998) Loose Boundary Hydraulics. Balkema, Rotterdam
Breusers HNC, Raudkivi AJ (1991) Scouring. Balkema, Rotterdam
Ballio F, Teruzzi A, Radice A (2009) Constriction effects in clear-water scour at abutments. J Hydr Eng 135(2):140–145
Morales R, Ettema R (2013) Insights from depth-averaged numerical simulation of flow at bridge abutments in compound channels. J Hydr Eng 139(5):470–481
Hager WH, Oliveto G (2002) Shields entrainment criterion in bridge hydraulics. J Hydr Eng 128(5):538–542
Melville BW (1992) Local scour at bridge abutment. J Hydr Eng 118(4):615–631
Melville BW, Sutherland AJ (1988) Design method for local scour at bridge piers. J Hydr Eng 114:1210–1226
Ballio F, Orsi E (2001) Time evolution of scour around bridge abutments. Water Eng Res 2(4):243–259
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Informed consent
For this type of study, formal consent is not required.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ghanbarynamin, S., Zarrati, A.R. & Karimaei Tabarestani, M. Local scouring around perforated bridge abutments for non-cohesive soils. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 8, 336 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01303-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01303-6