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Effects of coir fibres and cement addition on properties of hollow interlocking compressed earth blocks

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Abstract

This paper aimed to study the effect of coir fibres and cement inclusion on the physico–mechanical, durability and strength properties of hollow interlocking compressed earth blocks (ICEBs). The effect of moisture content on block strength at the time of testing was also considered. In total twenty different types of blocks were prepared with cement contents (0% and 10%), fibre contents (0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% by dry weight of soil) and lengths (30 mm, 50 mm and 70 mm). The blocks were tested in air-dry as well as in wet states. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was made to know the microstructure of coir fibres and blocks. Also, correlations between mechanical properties were established. Furthermore, empirical models were derived for estimating the strength properties. Test results show that addition of 10% cement slightly increases the bulk density (ρ), substantially improves strength properties and remarkably decreases linear drying shrinkage (LDS). The inclusion of coir fibres to both ICEBs (unstabilized) and ICSEBs (stabilized) significantly reduces the bulk density (ρ), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and LDS, and increases the water absorption (WA). Addition of coir fibres significantly improves the mechanical strength of both types of blocks. Blocks reinforced with 0.6% fibre and 50 mm length possesses higher compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength. The optimum fibre content and length were found to be 0.6% and 50 mm, respectively. On the other hand, higher fibre content (0.9%) and length (70 mm) adversely affected the strength and increases water absorption for all types of blocks. UPV test appeared to be ineffective in estimating the strength of ICSEBs when the reinforcing fibre content increases due to the presence of larger amount of air voids. A good linear relationship was obtained between the mechanical properties for the block types. The proposed models can be adopted to estimate the block strengths with reasonable accuracy.

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Abbreviations

CEB:

Compressed earth block

CSEB:

Compressed stabilized earth block

C :

Cement content

F c :

Fibre content

F l :

Fibre length

F :

Fibre reinforced

FICEB:

Fibre-reinforced hollow interlocking compressed earth block

FICSEB:

Fibre-reinforced hollow interlocking compressed cement stabilized earth block

f cs :

Compressive strength

f cs- air dry :

Air-dry compressive strength

f cs-wet :

Wet compressive strength

f b :

Flexural strength

f b-air dry :

Air-dry flexural strength

f b-wet :

Wet flexural strength

f t :

Splitting tensile strength

f t-air dry :

Air-dry splitting tensile strength

f t-wet :

Wet splitting tensile strength

GSD:

Grain size distribution

ICEB:

Hollow interlocking compressed earth block

ICSEB:

Hollow interlocking compressed stabilized earth block

l :

Length of ultrasonic pulse through the block

L 1 :

Length of block after 24 h of production

L 2 :

Length of block after completion of curing and oven drying

LDS:

Linear drying shrinkage

MDD:

Maximum dry density

MLRA:

Multi-linear regression analysis

OMC:

Optimum moisture content

RE:

Rammed earth

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

t :

Pulse transition time

UPV:

Ultrasonic pulse velocity

UPVx :

Ultrasonic pulse velocity parallel to wall bed joint

UPVy :

Ultrasonic pulse velocity perpendicular to wall bed joint

UPVz :

Ultrasonic pulse velocity parallel to wall thickness

UTM:

Universal testing machine

W:

Water content

WA:

Water absorption

W wet :

Weight of block after immersed in water

W oven :

Weight of block before immersion

ρ :

Bulk density

ρ d :

Dry density

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Funding

This work was supported by Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Grant no. EEQ/2017/000001, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

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  1. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura, India

    Pardhasaradhi Kasinikota & Deb Dulal Tripura

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KP contributed to conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, validation, and writing – original draft. DDT contributed to supervision, visualization, resources, and writing – review & editing.

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Correspondence to Pardhasaradhi Kasinikota.

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The study reported in this article is part of the first author’s published Doctoral Thesis, at the National Institute of Technology Agartala. The content of this work has not been published or submitted to any other journal for consideration.

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Kasinikota, P., Tripura, D.D. Effects of coir fibres and cement addition on properties of hollow interlocking compressed earth blocks. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 8, 273 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01240-4

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