Abstract
Regions with soil having poor bearing capacity suffer from increased construction cost and waste generation due to the replacement of soil. Bio-enzymes help stabilizes the soil by acting as a catalyst in strengthening such soils. Effects of these enzymes vary based on soil properties and application rates. Thus application rates need to be determined for a soil type exclusively. In this study, clayey soil with intermediate plasticity was treated with different dosages of Terrazyme in order to determine the optimum dosage of the enzyme. Results show that the strength gain is a function of curing time. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) values of treated soil increased with an increase in the curing period. Permeability test of Terrazyme treated surface confirmed that it also acts as a waterproofing agent and can be used for dust control on unpaved surfaces with low traffic. The findings substantiate the suitability of bio-enzymatic additives for stabilization of subgrade soil making them apt for use in pavement construction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vishnu TB, Singh KL, Thomas P, Rumjit NP (2020) Investigating the suitability of used heavy, medium, and light automobile tyres for bituminous mix pavement applications. Environ Dev Sustain 22(2):1505–1527
Kushwaha P, Swami BL (2019) A study on moisture susceptibility of foamed bitumen mix containing reclaimed asphalt pavement. Transp Infrastruct Geotechnol 6(2):89–104
Al-Hasan SJA, Balamuralikrishnan R, Altarawneh M (2020) Eco-friendly asphalt approach for the development of sustainable roads. J Human, Earth, Future 1(3):97–111
Sobhan K (2017) Challenges due to problematic soils: a case study at the crossroads of geotechnology and sustainable pavement solutions. Innov Infrastruct Solut 2(1):1–18
Sahis MK, Biswas PP (2021) Optimization of bituminous pavement thickness using mechanistic-empirical strain-based design approach. Civil Eng J 7(5):804–815
Panjaitan M, Djamaluddin AR, Harianto T, Muhiddin AB (2021) Preloading model on soft soil with inclusion thermal induction vertical and incline types. Civil Eng J 7(6):998–1007
Puppala AJ, Pedarla A (2017) Innovative ground improvement techniques for expansive soils. Innov Infrastruct Solut 2(1):1–15
Chaurasia VS, Pandey PP, Mishra AV, Gupta SS, Pawar AU (2021) Stabilization of soil using terrazyme for road construction. In Proceedings of the Indian geotechnical conference 2019, Springer, Singapore, pp 671–683
Aswathy CM, Raj AS, Sayida MK (2021) Effect of bio-enzyme—chemical stabilizer mixture on improving the subgrade properties. In: Problematic soils and geoenvironmental concerns Springer, Singapore, 779–787
Yadav JS, Hussain S, Garg A, Tiwari SK (2019) Geotechnical properties of rubber reinforced cemented clayey soil. Transp Infrastruct Geotechnol 6(4):337–354
Kushwaha P, Chauhan AS, Swami S, Swami BL (2021) Investigating the effects of nanochemical-based ionic stabilizer and co-polymer on soil properties for pavement construction. Int J Geotech Eng 15(3):379–388
Daraei A, Sherwani AFH, Faraj RH, Mohammad S, Kurdo S, Zare S, Mahmoodzadeh A (2019) Stabilization of problematic soil by utilizing cementitious materials. Innov Infrast Solut 4(1):1–11
Sinha P, Iyer KK (2020) Effect of stabilization on characteristics of subgrade soil: a review Advances in Computer Methods and Geomechanics. Springer, Singapore, pp 667–682
Akinwumi II, Aidomojie OI (2015) Effect of Corncob ash on the geotechnical properties of Lateritic soil stabilized with Portland cement. Int J Geom Geosci 5(3):375–392
Rauch AF, Katz LE, Liljestrand HM (1993) AN analysis of the mechanisms and efficacy of three liquid chemical soil stabilizers: VOLUME. Work, 1
Scholen DE (1995) Stabilizer mechanisms in nonstandard stabilizers. In: Transportation research board conference proceedings 6
Rajoria V, Kaur S (2014) A review on stabilization of soil using bio-enzyme. Int J Res Eng Technol 3(1):75–78
Ganapathy GP, Gobinath R, Akinwumi II, Kovendiran S, Thangaraj M, Lokesh N, Anas SM, Murugan RA, Yogeswaran P, Hema S (2017) Bio-enzymatic stabilization of a soil having poor engineering properties. Int J Civil Eng Technol 15(3):401–409
Panchal S, Khan MM, Sharma A (2017) Stabilization of soil using bio-enzyme. Int J Civil Eng Technol 8(1):234–237
Venkatasubramanian C, Dhinakaran G (2011) Effect of bio-enzymatic soil stabilisation on unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio. J Eng Appl Sci 6(5):295–298
Sahoo S, Sridevi G (2018) Soil stabilization using bio-enzyme. Int J Pure Appl Math 118(24):1
Peng HT, Su HT, Zhang XP, Wang J (2011) An experimental comparison of compressive strengths of soils stabilized with enzyme and ground quicklime. Adv Mater Res 280:9–12
Onyejekwe S, Ghataora GS (2015) Soil stabilization using proprietary liquid chemical stabilizers: sulphonated oil and a polymer. Bull Eng Geol Env 74(2):651–665
Tingle JS, Newman JK, Larson SL, Weiss CA, Rushing JF (2007) Stabilization mechanisms of nontraditional additives. Transp Res Rec 1989(1):59–67
Rahmat MN, Ismail N (2011) Sustainable stabilisation of the Lower Oxford Clay by non-traditional binder. Appl Clay Sci 52(3):199–208
Shil T, Pradhan R, Nanda S, Mohapatra BG (2021) Strengthening of soil subgrade using bio-enzyme. In: Recent developments in sustainable infrastructure. Springer, Singapore, pp 13–25
Khan TA, Taha MR (2015) Effect of three bio-enzymes on compaction, consistency limits, and strength characteristics of a sedimentary residual soil. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2015:1–9
Lacuoture A, Gonzalez H (1995) Usage of organic enzymes for the stabilization of natural base soils and sub-bases in Bagota Faculty of Engineering. Universidad Jevariana, Pontificia
AbouKhadra A, Zidan AF, Gaber Y (2018) Experimental evaluation of strength characteristics of different Egyptian soils using enzymatic stabilizers. Cogent Eng 5(1):1517577
Li YJ, Li L, Dan HC (2011) Study on application of TerraZyme in road base course of road. Appl Mech Mater 97:1098–1108
Eujine GN, Chandrakaran S, Sankar N (2017) Accelerated subgrade stabilization using enzymatic lime technique. J Mater Civ Eng 29(9):04017085
Renjith R, Robert DJ, Gunasekara C, Setunge S, O’Donnell B (2020) Optimization of enzyme-based soil stabilization. J Mater Civ Eng 32(5):04020091
Li YJ, Li L, Dan HC (2011) Study on application of TerraZyme in road base course of road. Appl Mech Mater 97:1098–1108
Renjith R, Robert D, Fuller A, Setunge S, O’Donnell B, Nucifora R (2017) Enzyme based soil stabilization for unpaved road construction. MATEC Web Conf 138:01002
Singh S (2021) Experimental investigation on black cotton soil altered thru cement kiln dust and terrazyme. Mater Today: Proc 37:3661–3664
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the management and staff at the construction site of GR InfraProjects Ltd. in Rajasthan (India) for their support in carrying out laboratory tests on soil at their site.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest or competing interests to declare.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kushwaha, P., Chauhan, A.S. & Swami, B.L. Experimental investigation on stabilization of subgrade soil using bio-enzymatic additive for pavement construction. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 7, 137 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-022-00752-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-022-00752-9