Skip to main content
Log in

Numerical modelling of passive loaded pile group in multilayered soil

  • Technical paper
  • Published:
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Piles supporting bridge abutments resting on soft clay are subjected to a horizontal load due to the lateral movement of the soil induced by an adjacent embankment. These lateral loads result in additional pile movement and induce additional bending moment. An accurate representation of loading, pile–soil relative movement and boundary conditions is needed for analysis of these piles. Simulating this problem using three-dimensional finite element model is examined herein. The effect of using different approaches in modelling piles and using different secondary compression index values for soft clay layer on the results of the numerical model has been investigated. Verification of the numerical model is performed by back analyzing a published case study. A good agreement between the results of the numerical model and the case study is obtained suggesting that the current numerical model can be used for investigating the short- and long-term impact of soil lateral movement on piles’ performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lee CJ, Ng CW (2004) Development of down drag on piles and pile groups in consolidating soil. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 130(9):905–914. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:9(905)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Fellenius BH (1972) Down-drag on piles in clay due to negative skin friction. Can Geotech J 9(4):323–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. El-Mossallamy YM, Hefny AM, Demerdash MA, Morsy MS (2013) Numerical analysis of negative skin friction on piles in soft clay. HBRC J 9(1):68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.02.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Morsy MS (2013) Advances in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In: proceedings of the 5th international young geotechnical engineer’s conference, Paris, France, Volume 2, 201-204. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-297-4-201

  5. Kong G, Zhou Y, Yang Q (2016) Group effect of drag load in pile groups embedded in consolidating soil under embankment load. KSCE J Civ Eng 20(6):2208–2220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0312-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Poulos HG (1973) Analysis of piles undergoing lateral soil movement. J Soil Mech Found Eng ASCE 99:391–406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Springman SM (1989) Lateral loading on piles due to simulated embankment construction (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cambridge)

  8. Tuan PA (2016) Analysis and numerical modelling of a piled foundation reinforced geosynthetics to support for full-height bridge abutments constructed through soft soil. Global J Res Eng 16(3):1–15

    Google Scholar 

  9. Beer EE, Wallays M (1972) Forces induced in piles by unsymmetrical surcharges on the soil around the piles. In Fifth Eur Conf On Soil Proc/Sp

  10. Franke E (1977) German recommendations on passive piles. Proc 9th Int Conf Soil Mech Found Eng Tokyo 28(1):193–194

    Google Scholar 

  11. Randolph MF, Houlsby GT (1984) The limiting pressure on a circular pile loaded laterally in cohesive soil. Geotechnique 34(4):613623. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1984.34.4.613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Tschebotarioff GP (1973) Foundations, retaining and earth structures, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 365–414

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bellezza I (2020) Closed-form expressions for a rigid passive pile in a two-layered soil. Géotechnique Lett. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.19.00250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Oteo CS (1977) Horizontally loaded piles-deformation influence. In: proceeding of 9th European conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Tokyo. p. 101–6

  15. Stewart DP (1992) Lateral loading of piled bridge abutments due to embankment construction. Ph. D thesis, Univ. of Western Australia

  16. Heyman L (1965) Measurement of the influence of lateral earth pressure on pile foundations. In Soil Mech & Fdn Eng Conf Proc/Canada/

  17. Bigot G, Bourges F, Guegan Y (1978) Action of lateral soil movement on a pile. BULL LIAISON LAB PONTS CHAUSS, (SPEC VI-E)

  18. Springman SM., Ng, CWW, Ellis, EA (1994) Centrifuge and analytical studies of full height bridge abutment on piled foundation subjected to lateral loading. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge

  19. Ellis EA (1997) Soil-structure interaction for full-height piled bridge abutments constructed on soft clay. PhD thesis, the Univ. of Cambridge

  20. Li HQ, Wei LM, Feng SY, Chen Z (2019) Behavior of piles subjected to surcharge loading in deep soft soils: field tests. Geotech Geol Eng 37(5):4019–4029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-00890-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Carter JP (1982) A numerical method for pile deformations due to nearby surface loadings. In proc. 4th int. conf. on numerical methods in geomechanics, Edmonton, Volume 2, pp.811–817

  22. Aschrafi J, Moormann C (2016) Passive lateral thrust and deformation effects of embankments on piled bridge abutments on soft ground. Geo-China 2016:152–158. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784480076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Stewart DP, Jewell RJ, Randolph MF (1993) Numerical modelling of piled bridge abutments on soft ground. Comput Geotech 15(1):21–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-352X(93)90015-Y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ellis EA, Springman SM (2001) Full height piled bridge abutments constructed on soft clay. Geotechnique 51(1):3–14. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2001.51.1.3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang M, Shangguan S, Li W, Zhu B (2017) Numerical study of consolidation effect on the response of passive piles adjacent to surcharge load. Int J Geomech 17(11):04017093. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Dasari GR (1996) Modelling the variation of soil stiffness during sequential construction (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cambridge)

  27. Bransby MF, Springman SM (1996) 3-D finite element modelling of pile groups adjacent to surcharge loads. Comput Geotech 19(4):301–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kelesoglu MK, Springman SM (2011) Analytical and 3D numerical modelling of full-height bridge abutments constructed on pile foundations through soft soils. Comput Geotech 38(8):934–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.07.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Dasari GR, Britto AM (1995) Strain-dependent modified cam clay model in CRISP and its evaluation. Technical report CUED/D-Soils/TR276, University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering

  30. Vermeer PA, Neher HP (1999) A soft soil model that accounts for creep. Beyond 2000 in computational geotechnics: ten years of PLAXIS international; proceedings of the international symposium beyond 2000 in computational geotechnics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 249–261

  31. Brinkgreve RBJ, Engin E, Swolfs WM (2012) PLAXIS 3D material models manual. In Plaxis bv

  32. Taylor RN (ed) (2018) Geotechnical centrifuge technology. CRC Press, Florida

    Google Scholar 

  33. Schanz T, Vermeer PA, Bonnier PG (1999) The hardening soil model: formulation and verification. Beyond 2000 in computational geotechnics: ten years of PLAXIS International; proceedings of the international symposium beyond 2000 in computational geotechnics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 281–296

  34. Wang YH, Xu D (2007) Dual porosity and secondary consolidation. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 133(7):793–801. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)10900241(2007)133:7(793)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Brinkgreve R, Vermeer PA (2013) Plaxis scientific manual. PLAXIS

  36. Sadek M, Shahrour I (2004) A three-dimensional embedded beam element for reinforced geomaterials. Int J Numer Anal Meth Geomech 28(9):931–946. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Dao TPT (2011) Validation of PLAXIS embedded piles for lateral loading. Master’s thesis, Delft University of Technology

  38. Engin HK, Septanika EG, Brinkgreve RBJ, Bonnier PG (2008) Modelling piled foundation by means of embedded piles. In Geotechnics of soft soils: focus on ground improvement: proceedings of the 2nd international workshop held in Glasgow, Scotland, (p. 131). CRC Press

  39. Terzaghi K (1943) Soil mechanics in engineering practice, 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons, NewYork

    Google Scholar 

  40. Biot MA (1956) General solutions of the equations of elasticity and consolidation for a porous material. J Appl Mech 23(1):91–96

    Google Scholar 

  41. Specifications ALBD (2012) American association of state highway and transportation officials. AASHTO, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Abo-Youssef.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abo-Youssef, A., Morsy, M.S., ElAshaal, A. et al. Numerical modelling of passive loaded pile group in multilayered soil. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 6, 101 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00464-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00464-6

Keywords

Navigation