Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of geogrid reinforcement on flexible pavements

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Effectiveness of geogrids in flexible pavement reinforcement was investigated throughout laboratory testing and finite-element analysis (FEA). The laboratory testing involved routine material characterization, resilient modulus testing, and five pavement prototype sections. These sections consisted of a 5 cm asphalt concrete (AC) layer, 15 cm granular base layer, and a 30 cm clay subgrade. The base layer was reinforced with a single layer of uniaxial geogrid placed at four different positions within the base layer. The pavement sections were loaded with a static plate-loading equipment and the results were compared with the control section (CS), which had no reinforcement. Results from this study showed that geogrids can be used to reduce tensile stresses in flexible pavement systems. The optimum position of the geogrid reinforcement to reduce tensile strains was found to be directly underneath the AC layer then within 33–50% of the granular base layer height as measured from the bottom of the base layer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. AASHTO M145 (2012) AASHTO soil classification systems. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. AASHTO, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  2. AASHTO T11 (2012) Materials finer than 75-μm (no. 200) sieve in mineral aggregates by washing. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. AASHTO, Washington, DC

  3. AASHTO T27 (2012) Sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. AASHTO, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  4. AASHTO T96 (2012) Resistance to degradation of small-size coarse aggregate by abrasion and impact in the Los Angeles machine. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. AASHTO, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  5. AASHTO T193 (2003) Standard method of test for the California bearing ratio. AASHTO, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  6. AASHTO T90 (2014) Determining the plastic limit and plasticity index of soils. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. AASHTO, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  7. AASHTO T89 (2015) Determining the liquid limit of soils. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. AASHTO, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  8. AASHTO T180 (2012) Moisture density relations of soils. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. AASHTO, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  9. AAHSTO T307-99 (2012) Standard method of test for determining the resilient modulus of soil and aggregate materials. AASHTO, Washington DC

  10. Abedel Motaleb ME (2007) Impact of high-pressure truck tires on pavement design in Egypt. Emir J Eng Res 12(2):65–73

    Google Scholar 

  11. Al-Azzawi AA (2012) Fininte element analysis of flexible pavements strengthened with geogrid. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 7(10):1295–1299

    Google Scholar 

  12. ARA, Inc., ERES Consultants Division (2004) Guide for mechanistic-empirical design of new and rehabilitated pavement structures. NCHRP 1-37A Final Report, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC

  13. Arulrajah A, Rahman MA, Piratheepan J, Bo MW, Imteaz MA (2013) Interface shear strength testing of geogrid-reinforced construction and demolition materials. Adv Civ Eng Mater J 2(1):189–200

    Google Scholar 

  14. Arulrajah A, Rahman MA, Piratheepan J, Bo MW, Imteaz MA (2013) Evaluation of interface shear strength properties of geogrid-reinforced construction and demolition materials using a modified large-scale direct shear testing apparatus. J Mater Civ Eng 26(5):974–982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Asphalt Institute (1981) Thickness design—asphalt pavement for highways and streets. Manual Series No. 1, 9th edn. ISBN: 9781934154014, reprinted 1999, Lexington

  16. Behiry AEAEM (2012) Fatigue and rutting lives in flexible pavement. Ain Shams Eng J 3(4):367–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bowles RE, SE (1996) Foundation analysis and design. Consulting engineer/software consultant engineering computer software, Peoria, Illinois

  18. Brinkgreve RBJ (2002) Plaxis: finite element code for soil and rock analyses: 2D-version 8:[user’s guide]. Balkema publisher, the Netherlands

  19. Cancelli A, Montanelli F, Rimoldi P, Zhao A (1996) Full scale laboratory testing on geosynthetics reinforced paved roads. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Earth Reinforcement

  20. Chua KM, Tenison J (2003) Explaining the Hveem stabilometer test: relating R-value, S-value, and the elastic modulus. J Test Eval 31(4):1–8

    Google Scholar 

  21. Court C, Chamberlain B (2013) Tensar international limited CE marking, Tensar Reand Re500 Geogrids for Reinforced Soil Embankments, pp 1–13, http://www.tensarinternational.com

  22. Donald HG, Ohashi H (1983) Mechanics of fiber reinforcement in sand. ASCE J Geotech Eng 109(3):335–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. ECP (2008) Egyptian code of practice for urban and rural roads. Housing and Building National Central Research, Egypt

    Google Scholar 

  24. El-Badawy SM (2006) Development of a mechanistic constitutive model for the repeated load permanent deformation behavior of subgrade pavement materials. PhD, Arizona State University, Tempe

    Google Scholar 

  25. El-Badawy SM, Bayomy F, Miller S (2011) Prediction of subgrade resilient modulus for implementation of the mepdg in Idaho. ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication no. 211, ASCE, Reston, pp 4762–4772

  26. Gabr AR, Cameron DA (2012) Properties of recycled concrete aggregate for unbound pavement construction. J Mater Civ Eng 24(6):754–764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Gedafa DS (2006) Comparison of flexible pavement performance using Kenlayer and HDM-4. Fall Student Conference Midwest Transportation Consortium, Ames, Iowa

  28. Ji R, Siddiki N, Nantung T, Kim D (2014) Evaluation of resilient modulus of subgrade and base materials in indiana and its implementation in MEPDG. Sci World J 14

  29. Kamel MA (2004) Development of design procedure for reinforced flexible pavement. PhD Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India

  30. Korkiala-Tanttu L (2009) Calculation method for permanent deformation of unbound pavement materials. VTT publications 702, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland

  31. Ling HI, Liu Z (2001) Geosynthetic—reinforced asphalt pavements. J Geotech Geo Environ Eng 177–184

  32. Mccartney JS, Cox BR, Wood CM, Curry B (2010) Evaluation of geosynthetic-reinforced flexible pavements using static plate load tests. In: 9th International Conference on Geosynthetics–Geosynthetics: Advanced Solutions for a Challenging World, pp 1445–1450

  33. Miura N, Sakai A, Taesiri Y, Yamanouchi T, Yasuhara K (1990) Polymer grid reinforced pavement on soft clay grounds. Geotext Geomembr 9(1):99–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Moayedi H, Kazemian S, Prasad A, Huat B (2009) Effect of geogrid reinforcement location in paved road improvement. EJGE 14:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  35. Parry RHG (1995) Mohr’s circles. Stress paths, and geotechnics. E&FN Spon. 1st edn. Taylor & Francis, UK. ISBN 0419192905

  36. Pellinen TK, Song J, Xiao S (2004) Characterization of hot mix asphalt with varying air voids content using triaxial shear strength test. In: Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern Africa (CAPSA’04), South Africa

  37. Singh P, Gill KS (2012) CBR improvement of clayey soil with geo-grid reinforcement. IJETAE 2(6):315–318

    Google Scholar 

  38. TenCate (2010) Geosynthetic reinforcement of the aggregate base/subbase courses of pavement structures. TenCateTM Geosynthetics North America, Pendergrass

    Google Scholar 

  39. Virgili A, Canestrari F, Grilli A, Santagata FA (2009) Repeated load test on bituminous systems reinforced by geosynthetics. Geotext Geomembr 27(3):187–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Webster SL (1993) Geogrid reinforced base courses for flexible pavements for LightAircraft: test section construction, behavior under traffic, laboratory tests, and design criteria

  41. Zornberg JG, Gupta R (2009) Reinforcement of pavements over expansive clay subgrades. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: the Academia and Practice of Geotechnical Engineering, vol 1, pp 765–768

Download references

Acknowledgements

The UTM-25 at Mansoura University H&AE-LAB, which was utilized in this research was purchased as part of the HEI Labs Accreditation Project, 7th Cycle.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt

    E. M. Ibrahim

  2. Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt

    S. M. El-Badawy, M. H. Ibrahim, A. Gabr & A. Azam

Authors
  1. E. M. Ibrahim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. M. El-Badawy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. H. Ibrahim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Gabr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. Azam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. M. El-Badawy.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ibrahim, E.M., El-Badawy, S.M., Ibrahim, M.H. et al. Effect of geogrid reinforcement on flexible pavements. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 2, 54 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-017-0102-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-017-0102-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation