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Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks: Mechanisms, Design Strategies and Recent Advances

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Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), constructed from metal ions and organic ligands through coordination assembly, exhibit considerable conductivity, which originates from the ionic or electronic transport pathway between the host architecture and guest species. In recent decades, the study of conductive MOFs has accelerated deservedly due to their importance in the electronic information industry. In this review, we first briefly describe the different mechanisms of ionic and electronic conduction. The design strategies of constructing intrinsic and doping MOFs are then summarized and generalized into three major categories (host-based-, guest-based- and host–guest-related systems) in terms of promoting conductive performance. In the next section we provide an overview of recent progress in research on conductive MOFs, providing details according to the various carriers of transporting electrons, protons and other ions. We conclude with a discussion on the practicability and emerging applications of conductive MOFs and a section on the existing challenges and development prospects.

Graphic Abstract

Conduction mechanisms, design strategies, recent progresses and emerging applications of conductive MOFs.

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Abbreviations

adp:

Adipic acid

BDC:

Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate

BHT:

Benzenehexathiol

bpdc:

4,4′-Biphenyldicarboxylic acid

bpy:

4,4′-Bipyridine

BTC:

1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylate

BUT:

Beijing University of Technology

m-ClPhH3IDC:

2-(m-chlorophenyl)Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid

p-ClPhH3IDC:

2-(p-chlorophenyl)Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid

CS:

Chitosan

dhbq2−/3− :

2,5-Dioxidobenzoquinone/1,2-dioxido-4,5-semiquinone

DMA:

Dimethylammonium

DMF:

N,N-dimethylformamide

dobdc4− :

1,4-Dioxido-2,5-benzenedicarboxylate

dobpdc4− :

4,4′-Dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate

DPNI:

N,N′-di-(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide

DSOA:

2,2′-Disulfonate-4,4″-oxydibenzoic acid

EDOT:

3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene

Emim+ :

1-Ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium

Fc:

Ferrocene

FTO:

Fluorine-doped tin oxide

H4bptc:

3,3′,4,4′-Biphenyltetracarboxylic acid

H2DCDPP:

5,15-Di(4-carboxylphenyl)-10,20-di(4-pyridyl)porphyrin

H2DHBQ:

2,5-Dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone

H4DSBDC:

2,5-Disulfhydrylbenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid

H2SDB:

4,4′-Sulfonyldibenzoic acid

H2TPyP:

5,10,15,20-Tetra-4-pyridyl-21H,23Hporphine

H4TTFTB:

Tetrathiafulvalenetetrabenzoate

HAB:

Hexaaminobenzene

HHTP:

2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexahydroxytriphenylene

HKUST:

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

HPCA:

4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid

HTT:

2,3,6,7,10,11-Triphenylene hexathiol

Hq:

Hydroquinone

IA:

Isophthalic acid

IL:

Ionic liquids

Im or ImH:

Imidazole

p-IPhH3IDC:

2-(p-N-imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid

JLU:

Jilin University

MFM:

Manchester Framework Material

MIL:

Material Institute Lavoisier

MV2+ :

π-Acidic methyl viologen

NCTA:

[3-(Naphthalene-1-carbonyl)-thioureido] acetic acid

NDC:

Naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate

NDIs:

Naphthalenediimides

NiCB:

Nickel-(IV) bis(dicarbollide)

NU:

Northwestern University

ox:

Oxalate

PAMPS:

Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)

PCMOF:

Proton conductive MOF

PcOH:

2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octahydroxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine

PEDOT:

Poly-ethylenedioxythiophene

PHIA:

5-(Phosphonomethyl)isophthalic acid)

pdc:

Pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

pdt:

Pyrazine-2,3-dithiolate

PiPhtA:

5-(Dihydroxyphosphoryl)isophthalic acid

PTC:

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-Perthiolated coronene

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

PyOH:

4-Pyridinol

pymca:

Pyrimidine-2-carboxylato

Pz:

1H-Pyrazole

SPEEK:

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)

TAG:

Tris(amino)-guanidinium, ClCNAn2−, chlorocyanoanilate dianionic

TCNQ:

7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane

TFSI:

Bis(trifluoro methanesulfonyl)imide

THT:

2,3,6,7,10,11-Triphenylenehexathiolate

TMBP:

3,3′5,5′-Tetramethyl-4,4′-bipyrazole

Tp:

Terephthalate

TPDAP:

2,5,8-Tri(4-pyridyl)1,3-diazaphenalene

TPP:

4-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl phosphonate

TTF:

Tetrathiafulvalene

TTFTC:

Tetrathiafulvalenetetracarboxylate

Tz or TzH:

1H-1,2,4-Triazole

UiO:

University of Oslo

VNU:

Vietnam National University

ZCN:

Zeolitic imidazolate framework/carbon nanotube hybrid crosslinked networks

ZIF:

Zeolitic imidazolate framework

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21901046, 21871061, 21701029), Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program (2017BT01Z032), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2017A050506051), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (201807010026), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter. In addition, we thank Dr. Lai-Hon Chung for his help in reviewing and revising the manuscript.

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  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Xiangling Deng, Jie-Ying Hu, Jiye Luo, Wei-Ming Liao & Jun He

  2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Xiangling Deng

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Deng, X., Hu, JY., Luo, J. et al. Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks: Mechanisms, Design Strategies and Recent Advances. Top Curr Chem (Z) 378, 27 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-020-0289-5

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