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Integration der europäischen Energiemärkte: Zielerreichung und Herausforderungen

Integration of european energy markets: achievements and challenges

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Zusammenfassung

Die Integration der Energiemärkte stellt ein wesentliches Ziel der Europäischen Union im Zuge der Schaffung eines gemeinsamen Binnenmarktes dar. Auf diesem Weg soll grenzüberschreitender Energiehandel ermöglicht, der Wettbewerb gesteigert, Kosten gesenkt und letztendlich niedrigere Energiepreise sowohl für Unternehmen als auch für private Verbraucher realisiert werden. Die zu diesem Thema existierende Literatur fokussiert in der Regel auf die Integration der europäischen Stromgroßhandelsmärkte. Das vorliegende Papier analysiert den Grad der Zielerreichung, welcher bislang zu beobachten ist und identifiziert Handlungsbedarfe.

Abstract

The integration of energy markets is an essential objective of the European Union in the course of creating a common internal market. Cross-border energy trading, increased competition, reduced costs, and ultimately lower energy prices for both businesses and private consumers should be realized. The existing literature on this topic focuses usually on the integration of Europe’s electricity wholesale markets. The present paper analyzes to which degree goals have been achieved and identifies necessary further actions.

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Notes

  1. Zur Integration von Marktgebieten auf nationaler Ebene im Bereich der Reservemärkte vgl. Haucap et al. (2014).

  2. Demgegenüber ist die Fluktuation in der Nachfrage aufgrund historischer Daten und mit Hilfe statistisch-ökonometrischer Verfahren erkennbarer Muster einfacher zu prognostizieren (vgl. zu üblichen Nachfrageverläufen Stoft 2002, S. 40–48; sowie Ströbele et al. 2010, S. 215–217).

  3. Lediglich der in Robinson (2007) verwendete Datensatz geht bis ins Jahr 1978 zurück. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Ausnahme, da üblicherweise Vergleichbarkeitsprobleme derart lange Zeiträume in dieser Art Studie verhindern.

  4. Zur Konstruktion von Spillover-Indizes vgl. ausführlich Diebold und Yilmaz (2015, Kapitel 1).

  5. Vgl. beispielsweise https://diepresse.com/home/wirtschaft/economist/5504242/Strompreise-steigen-auch-wegen-ZonenTrennung-von-Deutschland.

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Danksagung

Ich danke einem anonymen Gutachter sowie den Teilnehmern/-innen der Jahrestagung des Wirtschaftspolitischen Ausschusses des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2019 in Budapest für hilfreiche Kommentare.

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  1. Düsseldorfer Institut für Wettbewerbsökonomie (DICE), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    Ulrich Heimeshoff

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Correspondence to Ulrich Heimeshoff.

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Tab. 3 Ausgewählte empirische Studien zum Grad der Integration der EU-Stromgroßhandelsmärkte
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Tab. 4 Entwicklung des Market Coupling. (Quelle: EEX 2017)
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figure 7

Anteil erneuerbare Energien am Erzeugungsmix

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figure 8

Energieströme 2009. (Quelle: ENTSO‑E 2009)

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Energieströme 2017. (Quelle: ENTSO‑E 2017)

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figure 10

Grenzüberschreitende Übertragungskapazitäten. (Quelle: ENTSO‑E 2017)

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Heimeshoff, U. Integration der europäischen Energiemärkte: Zielerreichung und Herausforderungen. List Forum 45, 121–146 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41025-019-00182-z

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