Abstract
Characteristics of discharge vehicle play a significant role in the concept of capacity estimation and designing of a signal-controlled intersection. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) (Transportation Research Board of the National Academics, 5th edn, Washington, DC, 2000) presents a methodology for analysing signalized intersection considering details of each parameter for a lane-based car-dominated traffic stream, with limited applicability for the mixed traffic conditions. The present study analyses the departure headway characteristics of queued vehicles where a decreasing trend is observed with increase in vehicle position with a saturation headway of 2.05 s/veh. The distributions of departure headways are also analysed, and hypothesis result shows that the departure headways at each vehicle position follow a particular log-normal distribution with varying mean and variance. An optimization technique is framed to find out the discharge of vehicles through minimizing the difference between observed flow and ideal flow proposed by HCM (2000). Dynamic passenger car units (PCU) are also estimated through minimizing the Theil’s coefficient for accurate estimation of discharge pattern for mixed traffic conditions. The result shows that optimized discharge pattern is close to the ideal one with maximum saturation flow of 1908 PCUs/h (HCM proposed 1900 PCUs/h). A comparative analysis is done between the obtained flow value and flow value proposed by several guidelines and studies to check its suitability for mixed traffic stream.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bie Y (2014) A structural traffic flow model for urban arterial roads. Int J Civ Eng (IJCE) 12(3):313–325
Gupta A (2018) Modelling U-turning behaviour of vehicles at mid-block median opening in multilane urban roads. Curr Sci Indian Acad Sci 114(7):1461–1473
Dhinakaran G (2013) Estimation of delay at signalized intersections for mixed traffic conditions of a developing country. Int J Civ Eng (IJCE) 11(1):53–59
Kumar A (2017) Approximate mean delay analysis for a signalized intersection with indiscipline traffic. IEEE Trans Intel Transp Sys 18(10):2750–2762
Highway Capacity Manual (2000) Transportation research board of the national academics, 5 edn, Washington, DC
Mondal S, Chakraborty S, Roy SK, Gupta A (2017) Estimation of passenger car unit for heterogeneous traffic stream of urban arterial: case study of Kolkata. Transp Lett Int J Transp Res. https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2017.1293313
Greenshields BD, Schapiro D, Ericksen EL (1947) Traffic performance at urban street intersections, Bureau of Highway Traffic. Technical Report No. 1. Yale University, New Haven, Conn
Islam MdZ (2009) Passenger car equivalent (PCE) of through vehicles at signalized intersections in Dhaka metropolitan city. IATSS Res 33(2):99–104
Nakamura F (2003) Measuring passenger car equivalents (PCE) for large vehicles at signalized intersections. J East Asia Soc Transp Stud 5:1223–1233
Zhao W (2000) Delay-based passenger car equivalents for trucks at signalized intersections. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 34(6):437–457
Van Zuylen H (1978) The estimation of saturation flow, effective green time and passenger car equivalents at traffic signals by multiple linear regression. Transp Res 12(1):47–53
Setti J (1852) Limitations of passenger-car equivalent derivation for traffic streams with more than one truck type. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 1852:96–104
Mathew TV (2011) Passenger car units and saturation flow models for highly heterogeneous traffic at urban signalised intersections. Transportmetrica 7(2):141–162
Chandra S (2017) Queue clearance rate method for estimating passenger car equivalents at signalized intersections. J Traffic Transp Eng 4(5):487–495
Biswas S, Chakraborty S, Ghosh I, Chandra S (2018) Saturation flow model for signalized intersection under mixed traffic condition. 97th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC
Webster FV (1958) Traffic signal settings. RRL-Tech. Paper No.39, Her Majesty’s A Stationary Ofc. (HMSO), London, England
Dave HK (2014) Effect of heterogeneous traffic on saturation flow. Int J Eng Tech Res 2(3):97–99
Karim MA (2008) Saturation flow model at signalized intersection for non-lane based traffic. Can J Transp 2(1):77–90
Katti BK (2015) Effect of mixed traffic characteristics on saturation flow and passenger car units at signalized intersections. Eur Transp Transp Eur 59(4):ISSN: 1825–3997
Zhou Y (2000) Variations in capacity at signalized intersections with different area types. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 1710:199–204
Velmurugan S (2017) Development of saturation flow model at signalized intersection for heterogeneous traffic. Transp Res Procedia 25:1662–1671
Gopala Raju SSSV (2010) Development of PCU factors and capacity norms at mid-blocks of rural highways in Visakhapatnam. Indian J Edu Inf Manag 1(5):197–202
Kalyan R (2013) Queue discharge characteristics at signalized intersections under mixed traffic conditions. Eur Transp Transp Eur Issue 55(8):1825–3997
Gao L, Alam B (2014) Optimal discharge speed and queue discharge headway at signalized intersections. 93rd annual meeting of transportation research board, CD-ROM
Wei Z (2009) Departure headways at signalized intersections: a log-normal distribution model approach. Transp Res Part C 17(3):318–327
Ghosh I (2015) The effect of countdown timer on approach speed at signalized intersections. Procedia Comput Sci 52:920–925
Kidwai FA (2008) The effect of digital count-down display on signalized junction performance. Am J Appl Sci 5(5):479–482
Rao N (2012) Effect of phase countdown timers on queue discharge characteristics under heterogeneous traffic conditions. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 2130:93–100
IRC-SP: 41-1994 guidelines for the design of at-grade intersections in rural and urban areas. IRC code of practice, New Delhi
Arasan VT (2013) Influence of traffic mix on PCU value of vehicles under heterogeneous traffic conditions. Int J Traf Transp Eng 3(3):302–330
Chandra S (2004) Capacity estimation procedure for two-lane roads under mixed traffic conditions. J Indian Road Congress 65(1):139–170
Miller AJ (1968) The capacity of signalized intersections in Australia. ARRB Bulletin, Australian Road Research Board, Bulletin No. 3, Melbourne
Bhattacharya PG, Bhattacharya AK (1982) Observation and analysis of saturation flow through signalised intersections in Calcutta. Indian Highways, pp. 11–33
Hounsell N (1986) The prediction of saturation flows for road junctions controlled by traffic signals. Transp and Road Res Lab, Crowthorne Report No. 67.
Highway Engineering Laboratory (1990) Improvements to advanced modeling techniques for traffic engineering applications in the European community, Athens: National Technical University of Athens, Technical Report
Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (1993) Urban and semi-urban traffic facilities. No: 09/T/BNKT/1993, Directorate General of Highways Ministry of Public Works
Capacity and Level of Service of Finnish Signalized Intersections (2006) S 12 solution to main roads, Finnra Reports 25/2002, Finnish Road Administration. Malaysian Highway Capacity Manual, Ministry of Works Malaysia
Malaysian Highway Capacity Manual (2006) Ministry of Works Malaysia, 2006
Highway Capacity Manual of Taiwan (2011) Report No: 100-132-1299, Ministry of transportation and communication
Liu XM (2011) Study on the saturation flow rate and its influence factors at signalized intersections in China. Procedia Social Beh Sci 16:504–514
FGSV (Ed.) (2015). Handbuch für die Bemessung von Straßenverkehrsanlagen (HBS), Edition 2015, (German Highway Capacity Manual). Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen (FGSV) (Road and Transport Association), Cologne, edition 2015
Funding
Present study is a part of the IRP (Institute Research Project) Sponsored Project titled, ‘Capacity and LOS Analysis of Signalized Intersections under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions and with New Generation Vehicles’.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mondal, S., Gupta, A. Discharge Characteristics Analysis of Queued-up Vehicles at Signal-Controlled Intersections Under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions. Int J Civ Eng 17, 619–628 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-018-0343-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-018-0343-7