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Experimental Study on Flow Pattern and Scour Hole Dimensions Around a T-Shaped Spur Dike in a Channel Bend Under Emerged and Submerged Conditions

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Abstract

In this paper, the scour hole dimensions around submerged and emerged spur dike in a 90° bend along with the mean and turbulent flowfield were investigated experimentally. Two types of re-circulating flow at the downstream of the spur dike and around the spur dike wing were observed. A direct relation between the estimated bed shear stress using TKE and the scour process prevails. More attentions is needed in estimating the bed shear stress using vertical velocity fluctuations. The scour hole dimensions increase by increasing the ratio of radius of channel bend to channel width, the Froude number of the spur dike, ratio of the length of spur dike to channel width and ratio of the approach mean flow velocity to the approach flow velocity at threshold condition. However, vice versa trends were observed by increasing ratio of the spur dike length to the median sediment size, ratio of the wing length of spur dike to the length of spur dike and the submergence ratio. A particular location of the spur dike in the sharp bend was specified beyond which the scour hole dimensions increase. The ratio of the spur dike length to the median sediment size has a secondary effect on the scour hole dimensions. New equations are proposed for prediction of the scour hole dimensions considering the submergence ratio along with other effective parameters.

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Abbreviations

a :

Scour width (m)

B :

Distance from outer bank (m)

c :

Scour length (m)

d 50 :

Median size of the sediment (m)

d sm :

Maximum scour depth (m)

g :

Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)

h :

Height of the spur dike above the bed (m)

k u1, k u2, x :

Constants in velocity threshold estimation equation (−)

L :

Spur dike length (m)

L :

The wing length of the spur dike (m)

Ø :

Scour hole dimensions (m)

R :

Bend radius (m)

s :

Submergence ratio (Y − h)/h (−)

s 0 :

Channel slope (−)

U :

Mean velocity of the approach flow (m/s)

u :

Mean velocity component in tangential direction (m/s)

u’ :

Velocity fluctuation in tangential direction (m/s)

u c :

Mean approach flow velocity at threshold condition (m/s)

v :

Mean velocity component in radial direction (m/s)

w :

Men velocity component in vertical direction (m/s)

w’ :

Velocity fluctuation in vertical direction (m/s)

Y :

The depth of the approach flow (m)

α :

Section angle with respect to the beginning of the bend

θ :

The location of the spur dike in the bend (°)

ν :

Kinematic viscosity of the fluid (m2/s)

ρ :

Density of fluid (kg/m3)

ρ s :

Density of sediment (kg/m3)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Post Box: 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran

    Mojtaba Mehraein

  2. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Mojtaba Mehraein & Mojtaba Khosravi Mashizi

  3. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Water Engineering Research Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Masoud Ghodsian

  4. Faculty of Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran

    Mohammad Vaghefi

Authors
  1. Mojtaba Mehraein
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  2. Masoud Ghodsian
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  3. Mojtaba Khosravi Mashizi
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  4. Mohammad Vaghefi
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Correspondence to Mojtaba Mehraein.

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Mehraein, M., Ghodsian, M., Khosravi Mashizi, M. et al. Experimental Study on Flow Pattern and Scour Hole Dimensions Around a T-Shaped Spur Dike in a Channel Bend Under Emerged and Submerged Conditions. Int J Civ Eng 15, 1019–1034 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-017-0175-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-017-0175-x

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