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A Novel Strategy for Multi-area Dynamic Energy Management

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Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Dynamic energy management in smart grids courses to increase the system efficiency, not only does it decrease the economic costs, it also courses to reduce the environmental issues. One possible way to improve these benefits is to solve multiple smart grids problems simultaneously, which is called multi-area dynamic energy management. Demand-side management (DSM) is another way which has resulted in improving the current smart grid performance, and as a result, it can provide a wide range of benefits to the system. This paper is proposed a novel strategy to model the electric/thermal DSM with multi-area energy management in order to reduce economic costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, this paper has attempted to model the electric vehicles and PV renewable resources with uncertainty forms in smart grids. Moreover, the optimal utilization of the battery is formulated in the proposed model. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed mixed integer programming model in the DSM and energy management issues under inter-area power exchange limitations.

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Abbreviations

\(C_{i}^{\text{fix}} ,C_{i}^{\text{var}}\) :

The fixed and variable costs of the ith CHP, respectively

\(\partial_{i}^{{{\text{NO}}x}} ,\varsigma_{i}^{{{\text{SO}}x}} ,\psi_{i}^{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\) :

The NOx, SOx and CO2 emission costs of the ith CHP, respectively

\(C_{i}^{\text{up}} ,C_{i}^{\text{dw}}\) :

The cost of start-up and shutdown of the ith CHP, respectively

\(P_{i}^{\hbox{min} } ,P_{i}^{\hbox{max} }\) :

The minimum and maximum real power of the ith CHP, respectively

\(\eta_{i}\) :

The ith storage efficiency

\(\varOmega_{i}^{c,\hbox{min} } ,\varOmega_{i}^{c,\hbox{max} }\) :

The minimum and maximum charging power of the ith storage, respectively

\(\varOmega_{i}^{d,\hbox{min} } ,\varOmega_{i}^{d,\hbox{max} }\) :

The minimum and maximum discharging power of the ith storage, respectively

\(\varPi_{i}^{\hbox{max} }\) :

The maximum energy storage capacity of the ith storage

\(r_{i}^{\text{dw}} ,r_{i}^{\text{up}}\) :

The allowed downward and upward ramp rate of power changes of the ith CHP, respectively

\(\phi_{i}\) :

The number of times the ith storage is allowed to get charged

\(\lambda_{t} ,\omega_{t}\) :

The amount of electric and thermal flexible load at the time t, respectively

\(D_{t} ,D_{t}^{{\prime }}\) :

The electric and thermal load power of the grid at the time t, respectively

\({\rm T}_{\hbox{min} }^{k,h,f} ,{\rm T}_{\hbox{max} }^{k,h,f}\) :

The lowest and highest exchangeable power for the k, h, and f areas

\(\partial ,\varTheta\) :

The percentage of electric and thermal flexible load, respectively

\(\hbar_{i}\) :

The proportionality constant, called heat-to-power ratio of the ith CHP

\(\eta_{{i{\text{th}}}} ,\eta_{\text{ex}}\) :

Thermal efficiency of the ith CHP and efficiency of heat exchanger, respectively

\(\vartheta_{i}\) :

Heat rate of the ith CHP

\(P_{i,t} ,\varGamma_{i,t}\) :

The real and thermal power in CHP i at the time of t, respectively

\(\varOmega_{i,t}^{c} ,\varOmega_{i,t}^{d}\) :

The charging and discharging power of storage i at the time t, respectively

\(\varPi_{i,t}\) :

Energy status of storage i at the time t

\(D_{t}^{\text{DSM}} ,D_{t}^{{{\prime }{\text{DSM}}}}\) :

The new load changed at the time t in the demand-side management program

\(g_{i,t}^{\text{PV}}\) :

The power of the ith PV source at the time t

\(\varPsi_{t}\) :

The power of electric vehicle charging at the time t

\(\varUpsilon_{t}^{k}\) :

Total power exchanged in the system k at the time t

\(T_{t}^{k,h}\) :

The power exchange between system k and h at the time t

\(\Delta_{i,t} ,\nabla_{i,t}\) :

The Binary start-up/shutdown decision variables of CHP units in each hour at the time t, respectively

\(u_{i,t}\) :

Binary decision variable on/off status of CHP units in each hour at the time t

\(z_{i,t}\) :

The binary variable related to the storage i at the time t (indicates the off and on state of the storage i at the time t)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, 73711-13119, Iran

    Mohammad Ali Hormozi, Bahman Bahmani Firouzi & Taher Niknam

Authors
  1. Mohammad Ali Hormozi
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  2. Bahman Bahmani Firouzi
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  3. Taher Niknam
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Correspondence to Bahman Bahmani Firouzi.

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Hormozi, M.A., Bahmani Firouzi, B. & Niknam, T. A Novel Strategy for Multi-area Dynamic Energy Management. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Electr Eng 45, 115–129 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-020-00340-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-020-00340-6

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