Abstract
Testing of large and heavy structures or systems in real-size form is not a preferred method because of expectations from experimental studies, such as repeatability, less time consumption, less cost, and realistic environmental conditions. Thus, it is more reasonable to design a scaled model that represents a real-size structure and to perform experimental studies with this model. In this research, a tower crane mast that is the dominant part for oscillation of the whole crane system and so large for the laboratory environment is considered and aimed to obtain a scaled physical model that dynamically represents the real structure in order to experimentally investigate the dynamic response of a tower crane under the seismic effect. In this context, a tower crane mast model was manufactured as 1/30 scaled size and an experimental modal analysis test was performed on the physical model. The competency of the scaled model to represent the real-size model was presented by theoretical and experimental studies. Results of these studies show that the scaled model represents the dynamics of the real-size system effectively.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40997-023-00594-5/MediaObjects/40997_2023_594_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40997-023-00594-5/MediaObjects/40997_2023_594_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40997-023-00594-5/MediaObjects/40997_2023_594_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40997-023-00594-5/MediaObjects/40997_2023_594_Fig4_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40997-023-00594-5/MediaObjects/40997_2023_594_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40997-023-00594-5/MediaObjects/40997_2023_594_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40997-023-00594-5/MediaObjects/40997_2023_594_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40997-023-00594-5/MediaObjects/40997_2023_594_Fig8_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alǎmoreanu M, Vasilescu A (2010) Behavior of tower cranes under seismic actions. UPB Sci Bull Ser D Mech Eng 72:55–64
Alămoreanu M, Vasilescu A (2011) Dynamic response of tower cranes under seismic actions. Case Study Rom J Acoust Vib 8:85–90
Alămoreanu M, Vasilescu A (2014) Dynamic response of anchored tower cranes under sinusoidal damped seismic action. Case Study Rom J Acoust Vib 11:3–10
An F, Wang C-F, Yuan S-C, Wang D-H, Liu J-S (2014) Earthquake spectrum analysis of unconventional dedicate tower crane. In: 2014 Int Conf Mech Sci Control Eng p 74–8 2014
Coutinho CP, Baptista AJ, Dias RJ (2016) Reduced scale models based on similitude theory: a review up to 2015. Eng Struct 119:81–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.04.016
Davey K, Darvizeh R, Atar M, Golbaf A (2021) A study of scale effects in discrete scaled dynamic systems. Int J Mech Sci 199:106399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106399
DesRoches LDJR, Leon RT (2008) Shake table testing of container cranes. In: 14th World Conf Earthq Eng
Gu YQ, Mao CF (2013) The preliminary analysis on tower crane by earthquake effect. Appl Mech Mater 353–354:1892–1895. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.353-356.1892
Huang G, He C, Wang X (2013) A modal analysis of giant shipbuilding tower crane. Appl Mech Mater 239–240:473–477. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.239-240.473
Itoh K, Suemasa N, Tamate S, Toyosawa Y (2004) Dynamic loading test for pile supported tower crane in soft clay. In: 13th World Conf Earthq Eng, Vancouver, Canada, 2004
Jerman B, Podržaj P, Kramar J (2004) An investigation of slewing-crane dynamics during slewing motion - development and verification of a mathematical model. Int J Mech Sci 46:729–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2004.05.006
Jha A, Sedaghati R, Bhat R (2005) Dynamic testing of structures using scale models. In: 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Struct Struct Dyn Mater Conf, vol 9, Austin, Texas, p 5731–44 2005
Jie Jia J, Yipin Wan Y (2016) Light-weight design of tower crane boom structure based on multi-objective optimization. In: Int Conf Mech Sci Eng, 255–60 doi:https://doi.org/10.2991/mse-15.2016.44.
Jovanovic M, Radoicic G, Petrovic G, Markovic D (2011) Dynamical models quality of truss supporting structurs. Facta Univ-Ser: Mech Eng 9:137–148
Kanayama T, Kashiwazaki A (1998) A Study on the dynamic behavior of container cranes under strong earthquakes. Seism Eng 364:276–284
Kanayama T, Kashiwazki A, Shimizu N, Nakamaura I, Kobayashi N (1998) Large shaking table test of a container crane by strong ground excitation. Seism Eng 364:243–248
Karpe A, Karpe S, Chawrai A (2014) Validation of use of FEM (ANSY) for structural analysis of tower crane jib and static and dynamic analysis of tower. Int J Innov Res Adv Eng 1:69–75
Kenan H, Azeloğlu O (2020) Design of scaled down model of a tower crane mast by using similitude theory. Eng Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110985
Kenan H, Azeloglu CO (2021) Seismic performance analysis of tower crane mast types with different bracing configurations. Structures 34:286–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.07.052
Koshab B, Jacobs L (2008) Seismic performance of container cranes, In: Seismic risk management for port systems. NEESR Gd Chall Third Annu Meet, Atlanta
Lei JF, Chen XH, Huang L, Lei S, Chen CS, Shen L (2013) Modeling and modal analysis of the whole structure of PT7032 tower crane based on finite element method. Adv Mater Res 706–708:1433–1436. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.706-708.1433
Li L, Luo Z, He F, Ding Z, Sun K (2021) A partial similitude method for vibration responses of rotor systems: Numerical and experimental verification. Int J Mech Sci 208:106696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106696
Li-Jeng H, Hong-Jie S (2014) Seismic response analysis of tower crane using SAP2000. Procedia Eng 79:513–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.374
Moncarz PD, Krawinkler H (1981) Theory and application of experimental model analysis in earthquake engineering. Report No.50, The John A. Blume earthquake engineering center, department of civil engineering, stanford university
Pristyák A (1997) Analysis of dynamiclloads of the lattice type mast structure of a tower crane using simulation method. Period Polytech Transp Eng 25:103–113
Rajasekaran S (2009) Structural dynamics of earthquake engineering: theory and application using MATHEMATICA and MATLAB. Elsevier, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845695736
Rubio-Ávila JJ, Alcántara-Ramírez R, Jaimes-Ponce J, Siller-Alcalá II (2007) Design, construction and control of a novel tower crane. Int J Math Comput Simul 1:119–126
Simitses JG, Rezaeepazhand J (1992) Structural similitude and scaling laws for laminated beam-plates. NAS 1.26:190585, The NASA langley research center hampton, Virginia
Sonin AA (2001) The physical basis of dimensional analysis. vol. Second Edition. Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge
Sugano T, Takenobu M, Suzuki T, Shiozaki Y (2008a) Design procedures of seismic-isolated container crane at port. In: 14th World Conf Earthq Eng
Sugano T, Takenobu M, Suzuki T, Shiozaki Y (2008b) Design procedures of seismic-isolated container crane at port. In: 14th World Conf Earthq Eng, Beijing, China
Ushio Y, Okano M, Nagano Y (2017) The earthquake responses of climbing-type tower cranes installed in high-rise buildings in consideration of various situations under construction. In: 16th World Conf Earthquake, 16WCEE 2017, Santiago, Chile, 2017
Voisin D, Grillaud G, Solliec C, Beley-Sayettat A, Berlaud JL, Miton A (2004) Wind tunnel test method to study out-of-service tower crane behaviour in storm winds. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 92:687–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.03.005
Yao G, Li H, Yang Y, Pu W (2019) Seismic responses and dynamic characteristics of boom tower crane basing on measured strong earthquake excitation. J Vibroengineering 21:154–169. https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2018.19626
Zhao X (2016) Study on optimization design for mechanical system of crane based on finite element analysis. Acad J Manuf Eng 14:95–101
Zohuri B (2015) Dimensional analysis and self-similarity methods for engineers and scientists. Springer, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13476-5
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by Yildiz Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under project number FDK-2019-3694.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Kenan, H., Azeloğlu, C.O. Experimental Modal Analysis Assessment of a Scaled-Down Tower Crane Mast to be Used in Experimental Studies. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Mech Eng 47, 1867–1876 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-023-00594-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-023-00594-5