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Three-Dimensional Turbulent Flow, Heat Transfer and Second-Law Analysis in a Circular Duct with Single Baffle

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Abstract

Three-dimensional turbulent-forced convection flow, heat transfer and second-law analysis in a circular duct having single baffle have been examined numerically under uniform constant wall heat flux boundary condition at steady state. Baffle is attached in the entrance, middle and exit regions of the test section. ANSYS Fluent 15 which uses finite-volume method has been employed for numerical analysis. The effects of Reynolds number Re changing from 3000 to 50,000 and dimensionless position of baffle S/D = 1, 16.1 and 25 are investigated for Prandtl number of Pr = 0.7 and baffle angle of α = 90°. It is seen that circular duct with single baffle has a higher Nusselt number, friction factor and entropy generation rate compared to the circular duct without baffle. It is also seen that the duct with baffle in the inlet region has a higher value of Nusselt number and friction factor. The duct having baffle in the middle region has a maximum thermal performance and low entropy generation rate. The accuracy of the results is validated by comparing the obtained results with the results of smooth duct.

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Abbreviations

A c :

Cross-sectional area (m2)

c p :

Specific heat at constant pressure (J kg−1 K−1)

C μ :

Constant (−)

D :

Diameter of the circular duct (m)

f :

Averaged Darcy friction factor (−)

G k :

Production rate (kg m−1 s−3)

h :

Averaged heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

h :

Specific enthalpy (kJ kg−1)

H :

Baffle height (m)

k :

Turbulent kinetic energy (m2 s−2)

k eff :

Effective thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

K :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

L :

Length (m)

L 1 :

Length of the entrance section (m)

L 2 :

Length of the test section (m)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

Nu :

Averaged Nusselt number (−)

P :

Pressure (Pa)

ΔP :

Pressure drop along the duct (Pa)

Pr :

Prandtl number (−)

\(\dot{q}^{{\prime \prime }}\) :

Heat flux on the wall (W·m-2)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Total heat transfer rate (W)

R :

Gas constant for air (J kg−1 K−1)

R :

Duct radius (m)

Re :

Reynolds number (−)

s :

Distance between test section inlet and baffle (m)

\(\dot{S}\) :

Rate of entropy generation (W K−1)

t :

Baffle thickness (m)

T :

Temperature (K)

w :

Velocity component in the z-direction (m s−1)

x, y, z :

Cartesian coordinates (−)

α :

Baffle angle (°)

ε :

Turbulent dissipation rate (m2 s−3)

η :

Thermal performance factor (−)

μ :

Viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

τ :

Shear stress on the wall (Pa)

\(\overline{\overline{\tau }}\) :

The stress tensor (kg m−1 s−2)

b:

Bulk

fd:

Fully developed

in:

Inlet

m:

Mean

o:

Smooth channel

out:

Outlet

t:

Turbulence

w:

Wall

z:

Peripherally averaged local

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Clean Energy Research and Application Center (TEMENAR), Faculty of Engineering, Gazi University, Maltepe, Ankara, Turkey

    E. Kızılırmak & O. Turgut

  2. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey

    G. O. Kızılırmak

Authors
  1. E. Kızılırmak
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  2. O. Turgut
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  3. G. O. Kızılırmak
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Correspondence to O. Turgut.

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Kızılırmak, E., Turgut, O. & Kızılırmak, G.O. Three-Dimensional Turbulent Flow, Heat Transfer and Second-Law Analysis in a Circular Duct with Single Baffle. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Mech Eng 41, 293–303 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-016-0064-y

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