Abstract
In this paper, the effect of load transfer platform (LTP) thickness, soil, and column characteristics on the rigid inclusion system (RIS) used for soft ground improvement was separately investigated by 3D numerical models in detail. It was found that increasing the LPT thickness by 100 percent increased the total settlement of RIS by 32%. In addition, increasing the elastic modulus by 100% and the internal friction angle of the LTP by about 17% decreased the amount of total settlement by around 41% and 12%, respectively. The column parameters also affected the overall settlement and load efficiency such that increasing the column elastic modulus (ranging from 0.5 to 10 MPa) resulted in the decrease in total settlement by 59% and the increase in load efficiency by 67%. In general, the rigid inclusion system was found to be as effective as piled raft foundations in overcoming settlement and bearing capacity problems of soft soils.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almeida MSS, Magnani HO, Dias D, Deotti LOG (2011) Behaviour of three test embankments taken to failure on soft clay. Soil Rock 34(4):389–404
Ata A, Badrawi E, Nabil M (2014) Numerical analysis of unconnected piled raft. Ain Shams Eng J 6(2):421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2014.11.002
Bouassida M, Fattah MY, Mezni N (2020) Bearing capacity of foundation on soil reinforced by deep mixing columns. Geomech Geoeng. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2020.1755458
Briançon L, Simon B (2012) Performance of pile-supported embankment over soft soil: full-scale experiment. ASCE 138(4):551–561. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000561
Cao XD, Wong HI, Chang FM (2004) Behavior of model rafts resting on pile-reinforced sand. ASCE 130(2):129–138. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:2(129)
Dias D, Grippon J (2017) Numerical modelling of a pile-supported embankment using variable inertia piles. Struct Eng Mech 61(2):245–253. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.61.2.245
Dias D, Simon B (2015) Spread foundations on rigid inclusions subjected to complex loading: comparison of 3D numerical and simplified analytical modeling. Am J Appl Sci 12(8):533–541. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2015.533.541
Düzceer, İR (2002) A study on the determination of the ultimate bearing capacity of piles with the help of pile loading tests. Ph.D. Dissertation, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul
Fattah MY, Zabar BS, Hassan HA (2015) Soil arching analysis in embankments on soft clays reinforced by stone columns. Struct Eng Mech 56(4):507–534. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.56.4.507
Fattah MY, Yousif MA, Al-Tameemi SMK (2015b) Effect of pile group geometry on bearing capacity of piled raft foundations. Struct Eng Mech 54(5):829–853. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.54.5.000
Fattah MY, Al-Obaydi MA, Al-Jalabi FA (2018) Effect of number of piles on load sharing in piled raft foundation system in saturated gypseous soil. Int J Civil Eng Technol 9(3):932–944
Hewlett WJ, Randolph MF (1988) Analysis of piled embankment. GroundEng 21(3):12–18
Jenck O, Dias D, Kastner R (2009) Three-dimensional numerical modeling of a piled embankment. ASCE 9(3):102–112. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2009)9:3(102)
Kempfert, H. G., Göbel, C., Alexiew, D. and Heitz, C. (2004), “German recommendations for reinforced embankments on the pile—similar elements In: German recommendations for geosynthetic reinforced earth structures, Germany, p 279–284
Lôdôr K, Móczár B (2018). Finite element modeling of rigid inclusion ground improvement. In: Numerical methods in geotechnical engineering IX, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1399–1406
Mánica Malcom MÁ, Ovando-Shelley E, Botero Jaramillo E (2015) Numerical study of the seismic behavior of rigid inclusions in soft Mexico City clay. J Earthquake Eng 20(3):447–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2015.1085462
Mattsson N, Menoret A, Simon C, Ray M (2013) Case study of a full-scale load test of a piled raft with an interposed layer. Ge´otechnique 63(11):965–976. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.P.166
MIDAS IT. Co. Ltd. Finite Element Analysis Software (2018), Manual of GTS-NX 2017 v1.1: New experience of geotechnical analysis system, MIDAS Company Limited, South Korea.
Nunez AM, Briançon L, Dias D (2012) Analyses of a pile-supported embankment over soft clay: full-scale experiment, analytical and numerical approaches. Eng Geol 153:53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.11.006
Oh YI, Shin EC (2006) Reinforcement and arching effect of geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported embankment on marine soft ground. Mar Georesour Geotech 25(2):97–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641190701359591
Okyay SU, Dias D (2010) Use of lime and cement-treated soils as pile-supported load transfer platform. Eng Geol 114(1–2):34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.03.008
Okyay SU, Dias D, Thorel L, Rault G (2012) Centrifuge modeling of a pile-supported granular earth-platform. ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001004
Quigley P, O’Malley J, Rodgers M (2003) Performance of a trial embankment constructed on soft compressible estuarine deposits at Shannon, Ireland. In: proceeding 7th international workshop on geotechnics of soft soils, theory, and practice, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands
Tradigo F, Pisanò F, di Prisco C, Mussi A (2014) Non-linear soil–structure interaction in disconnected piled raft foundations. Comput Geotech 63:121–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.08.014
Wood HJ (2003) The design and construction of pile-supported embankments for the A63 Selby Bypass”, In: proceeding foundations: innovations, design and practice, Dundee, Scotland
Zanziger H, Gartung E (2002) Performance of a geogrid reinforced railway embankment on piles. In: proceeding 7th international conference on geosynthetics, Nice, France
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Acar, Y., Mollamahmutoğlu, M. The Effect of Components’ Characteristics on Rigid Inclusion System on Soft Soil. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 47, 1125–1137 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-022-01026-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-022-01026-1