Abstract
A hydraulic jump dissipates the excess energy of flowing water downstream of hydraulic structures, such as spillways and sluice gates. The present study investigates the effect of the submerged counterflow jet (SCJ) on hydraulic jump characteristics of stilling basins in vitro. Experiments were performed at six discharges, three cross-sections of the SCJ, and three placement distances of the SCJ from the ogee spillway toe in a rectangular flume with the length, width, and depth of 10 m, 0.3 m, and 0.45 m, respectively. A theoretical equation was first developed to obtain the hydraulic jump sequent depth with the SCJ under free jump conditions. Then, the laboratory results of sequent depths were compared with the theoretical equation values and the RMSE, MAPE, and RE values were obtained as 0.039, 7.06, and 14.9, respectively, suggesting high agreement between the data. The results indicated the SCJ had the best performance at 10–20% of the spillway discharge. The SCJ reduced the hydraulic jump’s average length and secondary depth by 32.8% and 19.6%, respectively. A method was also proposed to obtain the submergence threshold of hydraulic jump with the SCJ.
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Data Availability
The data presented in this manuscript was collected during the MS thesis program of the second author in Physical Modeling Laboratory of Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology and are available any time in request.
Abbreviations
- ρ :
-
Density of water
- g :
-
Acceleration of gravity
- y 1 :
-
Inflow depth of hydraulic jump
- v 1 :
-
Inflow velocity of hydraulic jump
- q 1 :
-
DIscharge per unit width in upstream section of hydraulic jump
- Fr1 :
-
Upstream Froude number
- y 2 :
-
Depth in downstream section of hydraulic jump
- v 2 :
-
Velocity in downstream section of hydraulic jump
- q 2 :
-
Discharge per unit width in downstream section of hydraulic jump
- Fr2 :
-
Downstream Froude number
- Q w :
-
Spillway discharge
- Q j :
-
Discharge of the SCJ
- Q r :
-
Relative discharge of the SCJ
- A j :
-
Cross-section area of the SCJ
- d :
-
Placement distance of the SCJ
- v j :
-
Velocity of the SCJ
- B :
-
Stilling basin width
- Re:
-
Flow Reynolds number
- E 0 :
-
Energy in upstream of spillway
- E 2 :
-
Energy after hydraulic jump
- ∆E/E 0 :
-
Relative dissipation energy
- \(\frac{d}{{y_{2}}}\) :
-
Relative placement distance of the SCJ
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the Research Council of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz for financial support (GN: SCU.WH99.343).
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SMS: helping to complete and setup the experiments equipment, methodology, analyzing data, writing—original draft preparation. MK: supervise the completion of laboratory facilities, collecting and analyzing data. SAAP: supervise of analyzing data, writing—review and editing. SMK: supervise of analyzing data, writing—review and editing.
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Sajjadi, S.M., Kazemi, M., Pari, S.A.A. et al. Effect of Submerged Counter Flow Jet on Hydraulic Jump Characteristics in Stilling Basins. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 47, 1153–1164 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-022-00933-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-022-00933-7