Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Finite Element Seismic Analysis of Soil–Tunnel Interactions in Clay Soils

  • Research paper
  • Published:
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Seismic waves propagate from bedrock through the soil layers and during this propagation they pass different layers of soil and rock until they reach the soil surface. These waves can be amplified or damped by the soil layers. Underground structures response, like tunnels, is related to a number of factors such as soil type and earthquake frequency. In this paper the simulation of the models is done in two-dimensional plain strain system with finite element mesh generation which consists of soil–tunnel using frequency spectrum analysis. All analyses consist of three actual ground motion records with low, intermediate and high-frequency content. Two different clay soils (Normally or Lightly Over-Consolidate Clay and Heavily Over-Consolidate Clay) have been used in free field and models consist of cylindrical tunnel. In this study, the results of both free field (models without structure) and soil–tunnel analysis have been compared to show the effect of the tunnel on responses. Effect of soil–tunnel interaction in all earthquakes with different frequency content on-site response, amplification, acceleration response and stress and strain propagation in the tunnel’s perimeter are discussed. Based on the results of the analysis, acceleration frequency at different depths of models had different characteristics. Both clay soils amplified seismic waves on the soil surface in free filled models and the soil–structure interaction effects on the tunnel dynamic responses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • ABAQUS (2012) Theory and analysis user’s manual, version 6.12. Dassault Systèmes SIMULIA, Providence

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Motaal MA, El-Nahhas FM, Khiry AT (2014) Mutual seismic interaction between tunnels and the surrounding granular soil. Hous Build Natl Res Cent HBRC J 10:265–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyroudis S, Tsinidis G, Gatti F, Pitilakis K (2017) Effects of SSI and lining corrosion on the seismic vulnerability of shallow circular tunnels. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 98:244–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee S (2009) Centrifuge and numerical modeling of soft clay–pile–raft foundations subjected to seismic shaking. Ph.D. thesis, National University of Singapore, Singapore

  • Banerjee S, Goh SH, Lee FH (2007) Response of soft clay strata and clay–pile–raft systems to seismic shaking. J Earthq Tsunami 01(03):233–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bao X, Xia Z, Ye G, Fu Y, Su D (2017) Numerical analysis on the seismic behavior of a large metro subway tunnel in liquefiable ground. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 66:91–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang DW, Roesset JM, Wen CH (2000) A time-domain viscous damping model based on frequency-dependent damping ratios. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 19:551–558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Degrande G, Clouteau D, Othman R et al (2006) A numerical model for ground-borne vibrations from underground railway traffic based on a periodic finite element-boundary element formulation. J Sound Vib 293(3–5):645–666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fang X-Q, Jin H-X, Wang B-L (2015) Dynamic interaction of two circular lined tunnels with imperfect interfaces under cylindrical P-waves. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 79:172–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forrest JA, Hunt HEM (2006a) A three-dimensional model for calculation of traininduced ground vibration. J Sound Vib 294(4/5):678–705

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forrest JA, Hunt HEM (2006b) Ground vibration generated by trains in underground tunnels. J Sound Vib 294(4/5):706–736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galli M, Thewes M (2014) Investigations for the application of EPB shields in difficult grounds. Geomech Tunn 7(1):31–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haak D (2004) Simplified 3D modeling of soil vibrations induced by a high-speed train in a tunnel. Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  • Häfliger P (2013) Choice of driving methods in soft ground. In: Proceedings of the Swiss tunnel congress, Luzern, pp 178–201

  • Hashash YMA, Hook JJ, Schmidt B, Yao JI-C (2001) Seismic design and analysis of underground structures. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 16(2):247–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussein MFM, Hunt HEM (2007) A numerical model for calculating vibration from a railway tunnel embedded in a full-space. J Sound Vib 305:401–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iervolino I, Galasso C, Paolucci R, Pacor F (2011) Engineering ground motion record selection in the Italian ACcelerometric Archive. Bull Earthq Eng 9:1761–1778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kontoe S, Zdravkovic L, Potts D, Mentiki C (2008) Case study on seismic tunnel response. Can Geotech J 45:1743–1764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer SL (1996) Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuesel TR (1969) Earthquake design criteria for subway. J Struct Div ASCE 95(ST6):1213–1231

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanzo G, Pagliaroli A, D’Elia B (2003) Numerical study on the frequency-dependent viscous damping in dynamic response analyses of ground. In: Proceedings of earthquake resistant engineering structures IV conference, pp 315–324

  • Liang J, Jin L (2016) The effect of foundation flexibility on system response of dynamic soil–structure interaction: an analytical solution. China Earthq Eng J 16:113–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang JW, You HB, Lee VW (2006) Scattering of SV waves by a canyon in a fluid saturated, poroelastic layered half- pace modeled using the indirect boundary element method. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 26:611–625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang J, Jin L, Todorovska MI, Trifunac MD (2016) Soil–structure interaction for a SDOF oscillator supported by a flexible foundation embedded in a half-space: closed-form solution for incident plane SH-waves. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 90:287–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin H, Dong J, Zhao L (2011) Studies on dynamic behavior of the subway station influenced by down- through tunnel during strong seismic. 978-1-4577-0290-7/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE

  • Lueprasert P, Jongpradist P, Jongpradist P, Suwansawat S (2017) Numerical investigation of tunnel deformation due to adjacent loaded pile and pile–soil–tunnel interaction. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 70:166–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madabhushi SSC, Madabhushi SPG (2015) Finite element analysis of floatation of rectangular tunnels following earthquake induced liquefaction. Indian Geotech J 45(3):233–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matin Manesh H, Saleh Asheghabadi M (2011) Seismic analysis on soil–structure interaction of buildings over sandy soil. In: The twelfth east Asia-Pacific conference on structural engineering and construction (EASEC-12), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 24–26 Jan 2011

  • Mayoral M, Alberto Y, Mendoza MJ, Romo MP (2009) Seismic response of an urban bridge-support system in soft clay. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29(5):925–938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merritt JL, Monsee JE, Hendron AJ Jr (1985) Seismic design of underground structures. In: Proceedings of the 1985 rapid excavation tunneling conference, vol 1, pp 104–131

  • Nadi B, Askari F, Farzaneh O (2013) Seismic performance of slopes in pseudo-static designs with different safety factors. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 37(C):395–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto S (1973) Introduction to earthquake engineering. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Peila D, Oggeri C, Vinai R (2007) Screw conveyor device for laboratory tests on conditioned soil for EPB tunneling operations. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 133(12):1622–1625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitilakis K, Tsinidis G, Leanza A, Maugeri M (2014) Seismic behaviour of circular tunnels accounting for above ground structures interaction effects. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 67:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saleh Asheghabadi M, Matinmanesh H (2011) Finite element seismic analysis of cylindrical tunnel in sandy soils with consideration of soil–tunnel interaction. Proc Eng 14:3162–3169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • St. John CM, Zahrah TF (1987) Aseismic design of underground structures. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 2(2):165–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unutmaz B (2014) 3D liquefaction assessment of soils surrounding circular tunnels. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 40:85–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JN (1993) Seismic design of tunnels: a state of the art approach, vol 7. Monograph. Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang G, Yuan M, Miao Y, Wu J, Wang Y (2018) Experimental study on seismic response of underground tunnel–soil–surface structure interaction system. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 76:145–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiteman RV, Richard (1967) Design procedure for dynamically loaded foundation. Table 4, pp 182–192

  • Wolf JP (1997) Spring-Dashpot-Mass models for foundation vibration. Earthq Eng Struct Dynam 26:931–949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang YB, Hung HH (2008) Soil vibrations caused by underground moving trains. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 134(11):1633–1644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Wang H (2013) Seismic response analysis of shallow utility tunnel in liquefiable soils. In: ICPTT 2012© ASCE, pp 1606–1618

  • Ye B, Ye GL, Zhang F (2012) Numerical modeling of changes in anisotropy during liquefaction using a generalized constitutive model. Comput Geotech 42:62–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ye GL, Ye B, Zhang F (2013) Strength and dilatancy of over consolidated clays in drained true triaxial tests. J Geotech Geo-environ Eng 140(4):06013006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin ZY, Chang CS, Hicher PY (2010) Micro mechanical modeling for effect of inherent anisotropy on cyclic behaviour of sand. Int J Solids Struct 47(14–15):1933–1951

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu H, Mooney MA, Bezuijen A (2017) A simplified chamber pressure model for EPB TBM tunneling in granular soil. In: Proceedings of 9th international symposium on geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan ZH, Xu CJ, Cai YQ et al (2015) Dynamic response of a tunnel buried in a saturated poroelastic soil layer to a moving point load. Soil Dynam Earthq Eng 77:348–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang F, Ye B, Noda T, Nakano M, Nakai K (2007) Explanation of cyclic mobility of soils: approach by stress-induced anisotropy. Soils Found 47(4):635–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang F, Jin Y, Ye B (2010) A try to give a unified description of Toyoura sand. Soils Found 50(3):679–693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Jiang Y, Sugimoto S (2018) Seismic damage assessment of mountain tunnel: a case study on the Tawarayama tunnel due to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 71:138–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Mohsen Saleh Asheghabadi

  2. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Transportation, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

    Mohammad Ali Rahgozar

Authors
  1. Mohsen Saleh Asheghabadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Ali Rahgozar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohsen Saleh Asheghabadi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Saleh Asheghabadi, M., Rahgozar, M.A. Finite Element Seismic Analysis of Soil–Tunnel Interactions in Clay Soils. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 43, 835–849 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-018-0214-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-018-0214-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation