Abstract
In this paper, current pulse that propagates in Terahertz antenna was simulated as a propagated surface wave. The surface wave modes which propagate in electrode were studied. It was found that the current pulse propagates as a bulk electromagnetic wave in the antenna gap and that the current pulse propagates as a surface wave in the electrodes. Phase velocity and loss of each mode were investigated. The relation between thickness of the antenna electrode and optical properties of the substrate, such as absorption and refraction index, with surface wave characteristics was studied. After solving surface wave equation for the three-layer structure, dielectric-metal-dielectric, it was found that two surface wave modes, slow mode and fast mode are allowed to propagate in the electrode layer and that surface wave cannot propagate in the antenna gap region.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aliev YM, Schlüter H, Shivarova A (2000) Guided-wave-produced plasmas, vol 24. Springer Science & Business Media, New York
Anemogiannis E, Glytsis EN (1992) Multilayer waveguides: efficient numerical analysis of general structures. Lightw Technol J 10(10):1344–1351
Auston DH, Cheung KP, Smith PR (1984) Picosecond photoconducting Hertzian dipoles. Appl Phys Lett 45(3):284–286
Babuty A, Bousseksou A, Tetienne JP, Doyen IM, Sirtori C, Beaudoin G et al (2010) Semiconductor surface plasmon sources. Phys Rev Lett 104(22):226806
Berini P (2001) Plasmon-polariton waves guided by thin lossy metal films of finite width: bound modes of asymmetric structures. Phys Rev B 63(12):125417
Berini P (2009) Long-range surface plasmon polaritons. Adv Optics Photon 1(3):484–588
Berry CW, Wang N, Hashemi MR, Unlu M, Jarrahi M (2013) Significant performance enhancement in photoconductive terahertz optoelectronics by incorporating plasmonic contact electrodes. Nat Commun 4:1622
Castro-Camus E, Lloyd-Hughes J, Johnston MB (2005) Three-dimensional carrier-dynamics simulation of terahertz emission from photoconductive switches. Phys Rev B 71(19):195301
Cheng DK (1989) Field and wave electromagnetics, vol 2. Addison-wesley, New York
Duvillaret L, Garet F, Roux JF, Coutaz JL (2001) Analytical modeling and optimization of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy experiments, using photoswitches as antennas. Select Topics Quantum Electron IEEE J 7(4):615–623
Ghamsari BG, Majedi AH (2008) Terahertz transmission lines based on surface waves in plasmonic waveguides. J Appl Phys 104(8):083108
Katzenellenbogen N, Grischkowsky D (1992) Electrical characterization to 4 THz of N-and P-type GaAs using THz time-domain spectroscopy. Appl Phys Lett 61(7):840–842
Khiabani N, Huang Y, Shen YC, Boyes S (2013) Theoretical modeling of a photoconductive antenna in a terahertz pulsed system. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 61(4):1538–1546
Kirawanich P, Yakura SJ, Islam NE (2009) Study of high-power wideband terahertz-pulse generation using integrated high-speed photoconductive semiconductor switches. Plasma Sci IEEE Trans 37(1):219–228
Lloyd-Hughes J, Castro-Camus E, Fraser MD, Jagadish C, Johnston MB (2004) Carrier dynamics in ion-implanted GaAs studied by simulation and observation of terahertz emission. Phys Rev B 70(23):235330
Maier SA (2007) Plasmonics: fundamentals and applications: fundamentals and applications. Springer Science & Business Media, New York
Mourou G, Stancampiano CV, Antonetti A, Orszag A (1981) Picosecond microwave pulses generated with a subpicosecond laser-driven semiconductor switch. Appl Phys Lett 39(4):295–296
Nazeri M, Massudi R (2010) Study of a large-area THz antenna by using a finite difference time domain method and lossy transmission line. Meas Sci Technol 25(4):045007
Otto A, Sohler W (1971) Modification of the total reflection modes in a dielectric film by one metal boundary. Opt Commun 3(4):254–258
Petracek J, Singh K (2002) Determination of leaky modes in planar multilayer waveguides. Photon Technol Lett IEEE 14(6):810–812
Peyghambarian N, Koch SW, Mysyrowicz A (1993) Introduction to semiconductor optics. Prentice-Hall, Inc, London
Piao ZS, Tani M, Sakai K (1999) Carrier dynamics and THz radiation in biased semiconductor structures. Proc SPIE. doi:10.1117/12.347130
Sakai K (2005) Terahertz optoelectronics. Springer, New York
Sano E, Shibata T (1990) Fullwave analysis of picosecond photoconductive switches. Quantum Electron IEEE J 26(2):372–377
Sirbu M, Lepaul SB, Aniel F (2005) Coupling 3-D Maxwell’s and Boltzmann’s equations for analyzing a terahertz photoconductive switch. Microw Theory Techn IEEE Trans 53(9):2991–2998
Sommerfeld AJW (1952) Electrodynamics. Academic Press, New York
Tani M, Matsuura S, Sakai K, Nakashima SI (1997) Emission characteristics of photoconductive antennas based on low-temperature-grown GaAs and semi-insulating GaAs. Appl Opt 36(30):7853–7859
Winnerl S, Krenz M, Dreyhaupt A, Stehr D, Dekorsy T, Dekorsy T (2005) High-intensity THz radiation from a scalable large-aperture emitter. Conf Lasers Electro-Optics (CLEO). doi:10.1109/CLEO.2005.202327
Yanwu Z, Shunxiang S, Yanling S (2008) FDTD analysis of pulse propagation on microstrip line and an exponentially parallel plate antenna produced by photoconductive switches applied bias voltage. Microw Opt Technol Lett 50(1):168–172
Yasuda H, Hosako I (2007) Measurement of Terahertz refractive index for plasmon waveguides. IEEE/MTT-S Int Microw Symp. doi:10.1109/MWSYM.2007.380327
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nazeri, M., Abbasi, H. Study of Terahertz Antenna by Surface Wave Theory. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 41, 1055–1061 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-017-0333-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-017-0333-7