Abstract
This study examined the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Semecarpus anacardium biodiesel (BD20) and TiO2 nanoparticles. TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in BD20 biodiesel at different concentrations (50, 75, and 100 mg/L). In addition, a dispersant (QPAN80) was added at a ratio of 1:1 for the surface modification of the TiO2 nanoparticles. Injection pressures of 200, 225, and 250 bar were used to investigate the effect of the aforementioned variables on performance. The dispersion of nanoparticles in BD20 improved the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the nanofuel. The cylinder pressure (CP) and net heat release rate (NHRR) of BD20 blended with nanoparticles were significantly higher than those of conventional diesel. The NOx emission levels were lower. An increasing in the injection pressure improved the operating characteristics. At an FIP of 250 bar, the progressive BTE and minimum BSFC were 34.46% and 0.234 kg/kWh, whereas the peak CP and NHRR were 69.66 bar and 70.14 J/°C, respectively. CO, HC, NOx, and smoke were 0.02%, 33 ppm, 846 ppm, and 37.58%, respectively, for BD20 + 75 mg/L of TiO2 + 75 mg/L of QPAN.
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Abbreviations
- NaOH:
-
Sodium hydroxide
- BD100:
-
Semecarpus anacardium biodiesel (100%)
- BD20:
-
Semecarpus anacardium biodiesel (20%)
- TiO2 :
-
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
- ASTM:
-
American standards for testing materials
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
- HLB:
-
Hydrophilic and lipophilic balance
- DSC:
-
Differential scanning calorimetry
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- mg/L:
-
Milligram per liter
- Al2O3 :
-
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles
- ZnO:
-
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
- CuO:
-
Copper oxide nanoparticles
- SiO2 :
-
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles
- CeO2 :
-
Cerium oxide nanoparticles
- Co3O4 :
-
Cobalt tetroxide
- BTE:
-
Brake thermal efficiency (%)
- FIP:
-
Fuel injection pressure (bar)
- BP:
-
Brake power (kW)
- BSFC:
-
Brake-specific fuel consumption (kg/kWhr)
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide (%)
- HC:
-
Unburnt hydrocarbons (ppm)
- NOx :
-
Nitrogen oxides (ppm)
- NHRR:
-
Net heat release rate (J/oCA)
- CP:
-
Cylinder pressure (bar)
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL), Visakhapatnam, India for conducting the biodiesel tests. The authors thank Andhra University and GITAM Deemed to be University for their cooperation in conducting experiments in their laboratories.
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Illipilla, M., Lankapalli, S.V.P. & Sagari, J. Experimental study on a diesel engine fueled with Semecarpus anacardium biodiesel containing dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles: performance, combustion, and emission analyses. Energ. Ecol. Environ. 8, 113–128 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-022-00265-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-022-00265-2