Abstract
Like many countries, Indonesia generates large quantities of food waste. Food waste is poorly managed due to inadequate treatment practices, which has a harmful impact on the environment. This paper demonstrates the high potential for food waste valorization in Indonesia and outlines the optimal valorization pathways to inform future decision-making surrounding the management of this waste. This paper also compares various conversion technologies for transforming food waste into liquid, solid, and gaseous biofuels. The challenges and opportunities for wider implementation are also considered, including the integration of supply chains and the logistics of food waste management, the technological feasibility, and the persistent behaviors surrounding food waste and energy in Indonesia. The economic and environmental benefits, the perspectives of improved food waste management practices and sustainable fuels, as well as the policy landscape surrounding waste and sustainable energy are also explored. The challenges of scalability and commercialization are also highlighted in this paper. This review demonstrates the best pathways from food waste valorization to bioenergy, including biogas or biodiesel integrated with a black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) composting system. Despite the scale of resources in Indonesia, the pathways and technologies for processing food waste are lacking. Further in-depth studies are required to demonstrate the sustainability and feasibility of food waste transformation into bioenergy to realize its high value.
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- 3R:
-
Reduction, Reuse, And Recycle
- AD:
-
Anaerobic Digestion
- ADF:
-
Acid Detergent Fiber
- AP:
-
Acidification Potential
- BIOMIRU:
-
Biogas Mini Rumahan
- BMP:
-
Biochemical Methane Potential
- BSFL:
-
Black Soldier Fly Larvae
- CBP:
-
Consolidated Bioprocessing
- CHP:
-
Combined Heat and Process
- COD:
-
Chemical Oxygen Demand
- CSTR:
-
Continuous Stirrer Tank Reactor
- CMUP:
-
Combined Mechanical-Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment
- CV:
-
Calorific Value
- DT:
-
Dry Torrefaction
- EP:
-
Eutrophication Potential
- EPS:
-
Extracellular Polymeric Substances
- FAME:
-
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
- FAO:
-
Food and Agriculture Organisation
- FVW:
-
Fruit and Vegetable Waste
- FW:
-
Food Waste
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse Gases
- GWP:
-
Global Warming Potential
- HHV:
-
High Heating Value
- HMF:
-
Hydroxymethylfurfural
- HoR:
-
House of Representatives
- HOT:
-
Hydrothermal Oxidation
- HRT:
-
Hydraulic Retention Time
- HSW:
-
Household Solid Waste
- HT:
-
Human Toxicity
- HTL:
-
Hydrothermal Liquefaction
- IUPTL:
-
Electricity Supply Business License
- LAB:
-
Lactic Acid Bacteria
- LCA:
-
Life Cycle Assessment
- LPG:
-
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
- MA:
-
Microwave-Assisted
- MEMR:
-
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Republic of Indonesia
- MEP:
-
Marine Eutrophication Potential
- MSW:
-
Municipal Solid Waste
- NDC:
-
Nationally Determined Contribution
- NDF:
-
Neutral Detergent Fiber
- NEP:
-
National Energy Policy
- NRE:
-
New And Renewable Energy
- OFMSW:
-
Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste
- ODP:
-
Ozone Layer Depletion
- OLR:
-
Organic Loading Rate
- ORP:
-
Oxidation–Reduction Potential
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene Glycol
- PF:
-
Photo Fermentation
- PLTBg:
-
Biogas Power Plant
- PLTBm:
-
Biomass Power Plant
- PLTSa:
-
MSW Power Plant
- PT. PLN:
-
The State Electricity Company
- S:
-
Sonicated Pre-treatment
- SBHR:
-
Sonicated Biological Hydrogen Reactor
- SDS:
-
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
- SHF:
-
Separated Hydrolysis Fermentation
- SS:
-
Sewage Sludge
- SSF:
-
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation
- TD:
-
Tofu Dregs
- TEP:
-
Terrestrial Eutrophication Potential
- TRL:
-
Technology Readiness Level
- TS:
-
Total Solids
- UA:
-
Ultrasonic-Acid Pre-Treatment
- UASB:
-
Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
- UB:
-
Ultrasonic-Base Pre-Treatment
- UH:
-
Ultrasonic-Heat Pre-Treatment
- US:
-
Unsonicated Pre-Treatment
- VFA:
-
Volatile Fatty Acid
- VS:
-
Volatile Solids
- WtE:
-
Waste to Energy
- WT:
-
Wet Torrefaction
- ww:
-
Wet Weight
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The authors would like to thank Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya for funding support through Review Article Writing Grant in 2020.
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The authors declare no conflict of interest for the paper entitled “Food waste to bioenergy: current status and role in future circular economies in Indonesia”. All author are agreed to submit the paper.
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Suhartini, S., Rohma, N.A., Elviliana et al. Food waste to bioenergy: current status and role in future circular economies in Indonesia. Energ. Ecol. Environ. 7, 297–339 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-022-00248-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-022-00248-3